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Synthesis of 2,2′‐Bipyridines: Versatile Building Blocks for Sexy Architectures and Functional Nanomaterials

“…This is accompanied with fragmentation and partial chain unfolding of the crystalline lamellae, a process that obeys the fibrillar transition model described by Meinel and Peterlin 6, 59. The initial damage gradually becomes a craze, i.e., a narrow crack bridged by numerous microfibrils that prevent the crack from opening 84–86. The resistance to stress cracking is generally ascribed to the tensile resistance of the microfibrils, which is mainly governed by the concentration of the load‐bearing inter‐crystalline TMs 87.…”

Overload effect on the fatigue crack propagation of PC/ABS alloy

“…The effects of manufacturing process (compress molding or ram extrusion), sterilization, aging environment and notch orientation relative to the extrusion direction on the fatigue crack propagation of polymers were studied. The effect of specimen shape and dimension was also investigated [13,14]. Shah et al [13] studied the correlation of the fatigue crack propagation in polyethylene (PE) pipe with different specimen geometries.…”

“…Shah et al [13] studied the correlation of the fatigue crack propagation in polyethylene (PE) pipe with different specimen geometries. Also, the slow crack propagation in a real PE pipe was experimentally studied through fatigue test with compact tension (CT) specimens [14]. Parsons et al [15] experimentally studied the damaged zone ahead of the arrested crack in high and medium density polyethylene (HDPE and MDPE).…”

Short-term mechanical and structural approaches for the evaluation of polyethylene stress crack resistance

“…Quick evaluation methods of new materials would be very useful for producer in order to avoid performing long experiments that will not necessarily have a positive issue. As a corollary, the mechanisms of stress cracking at a molecular scale deserve accurate investigation in order to provide adequate solutions to the problem [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

“…The initial damage gradually grows into a craze, i.e. a crack bridged by numerous microfibrils that prevent crack opening, as nicely demonstrated by transmission and scanning electron microscopy [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Chemical or physical heterogeneities are suspected to act as nucleating agents for the initial damage.…”