“…The concept of a CO surrogate has been introduced to allow facile and safe insertion of the carbonyl group without exposure to toxic CO gas . Several CO surrogates have been put into practice in recent years, such as formic acid, carbon dioxide, DMF, metal carbonyls, silacarboxylic acids, oxalic acid, acid chlorides, formates, and others to circumvent the handling of gaseous carbon monoxide. To enrich the carbonylation chemistry, our group has primarily worked on chloroform as a CO surrogate because of its cheap availability, easy handling, and comparably less toxicity .…”