DNA as a bioligand supported on magnetite for grafting palladium nanoparticles for cross‐coupling reaction

Abstract

The utilization of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in nanotechnology is a promising area of research wherein the distinct properties of DNA are exploited for the design and development of new materials and applications. The biodegradability and natural profusion of DNA makes it highly suitable for use in various fields. In this report, we have treated DNA as a bioligand, supported on functionalized magnetite for the grafting of palladium (Pd) nanoparticles to make Pd‐DNA bio‐nanocatalyst. The Pd‐DNA was subjected to Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray powder diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry analysis. The prepared Pd‐DNA was found to be highly efficient in catalyzing Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction with excellent yields when compared with commercially available palladium‐based catalysts. Also, the Pd‐DNA could be easily recovered from the reaction mass using an external magnet and recycled up to six times without substantial loss of activity. Furthermore, Felbinac, a non‐inflammatory drug, was synthesized in quantitative yields using the Pd‐DNA bio‐nanocatalyst.

Green Synthesis of Pd Nanoparticles for Sustainable and Environmentally Benign Processes

“…In 2020, Patil designed a Pd/DNA bio-nanocatalyst, exploiting the metal chelating properties of DNA, immobilized on silyl functionalized Fe 3 O 4 magnetic nanoparticles, to graft and stabilize PdNPs [153]. The prepared catalyst was tested in the Suzuki reaction in H 2 O/EtOH (1:1) at room temperature with a 0.02 mol% Pd loading.…”

The effect of the DNA support on Pd/DNA catalyzed organic transformations

“…12–18 Over the past few decades, a variety of materials including magnetic materials, silica, hydroxyapatite, zeolites, MOFs, organic polymers, bio-supports, and carbon have been employed as supports for the preparation of supported palladium catalysts, aiming to achieve this objective. 19–61…”

Magnetically recoverable 2‐(aminomethyl)phenols‐modified nanoparticles as a catalyst for Knoevenagel condensation and carrier for palladium to catalytic Suzuki coupling reactions

“…[1,2] In the past decades, rapid progress has been made in the field of homogeneous reactions and many types of difficult transformations have been realized, including Konevenagel condensation reaction and Suzuki coupling reaction to construct complicated molecular structures with high selectivity. [3][4][5] Among numerous catalytic protocols, the nanoparticles (NPs) catalyzed synthesis has gained extensive research interest because they perfectly fuse both of the advantages of homogeneous catalyst-high efficiency and heterogeneous catalyst-reusability. [6] However, catalysts having nanometer sizes are difficult to separate by conventional filtration techniques, and these conventional methods often result in loss of catalyst particles.…”