DNA as an Adhesin:
            <i>Bacillus cereus</i>
            Requires Extracellular DNA To Form Biofilms

Vilain, Sébastien; Pretorius, Jakobus M.; Theron, Jacques; Brözel, Volker S.

doi:10.1128/aem.01317-08

Cited by 250 publications

(216 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…As demonstrated here for S. oneidensis MR-1, eDNA is already involved in early attachment events, similar to what has been reported for other species (Whitchurch et al, 2002;Izano et al, 2008;Vilain et al, 2009;Harmsen et al, 2010;Lappann et al, 2010). Recent studies on Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytonogenes and Staphylococcus epidermidis suggest that the bacterial cell surface may be decorated with DNA, resulting in acid-base interactions that increase the ability for either cell-cell and cell-surface interactions (Vilain et al, 2009;Das et al, 2010;Harmsen et al, 2010). Furthermore, short DNA fragments smaller than 500 bp added to a DNA-free culture of Listeria monocytogenes were demonstrated to prevent initial adhesion.…”

Section: Mutants Lacking the Prophages Are Defective In Biofilm Formasupporting

confidence: 70%

“…In contrast, the significance of eDNA for cellular attachment and structural integrity has more recently been recognized for an increasing number of Gram-negative and Grampositive species (Whitchurch et al, 2002;Steinberger and Holden, 2005;Allesen-Holm et al, 2006;Moscoso et al, 2006;Jurcisek and Bakaletz, 2007;Qin et al, 2007;Izano et al, 2008;Thomas et al, 2008;Heijstra et al, 2009;Vilain et al, 2009;Harmsen et al, 2010;Lappann et al, 2010). Release of DNA in bacterial biofilms has mainly been attributed to the lysis of a cellular subpopulation, mediated by the activity of autolysis systems (Allesen-Holm et al, 2006;Rice et al, 2007;Thomas et al, 2008Thomas et al, , 2009Mann et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phage-induced lysis enhances biofilm formation in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1

et al. 2010

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Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 is capable of forming highly structured surface-attached communities. By DNase I treatment, we demonstrated that extracellular DNA (eDNA) serves as a structural component in all stages of biofilm formation under static and hydrodynamic conditions. We determined whether eDNA is released through cell lysis mediated by the three prophages LambdaSo, MuSo1 and MuSo2 that are harbored in the genome of S. oneidensis MR-1. Mutant analyses and infection studies revealed that all three prophages may individually lead to cell lysis. However, only LambdaSo and MuSo2 form infectious phage particles. Phage release and cell lysis already occur during early stages of static incubation. A mutant devoid of the prophages was significantly less prone to lysis in pure culture. In addition, the phage-less mutant was severely impaired in biofilm formation through all stages of development, and three-dimensional growth occurred independently of eDNA as a structural component. Thus, we suggest that in S. oneidensis MR-1 prophage-mediated lysis results in the release of crucial biofilm-promoting factors, in particular eDNA.

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Section: Mutants Lacking the Prophages Are Defective In Biofilm Formasupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phage-induced lysis enhances biofilm formation in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1

et al. 2010

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“…The results of these studies add to an emerging body of evidence that fungal biofilms share structural (32)(33)(34)(35) and functional (26,36,37) similarity with those formed by pathogenic bacteria. The finding that glycoside hydrolases can display activity against the exopolysaccharides and biofilms of both fungi and bacteria provides evidence that these similarities could potentially be exploited for the development of therapeutics active against both organisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Microbial glycoside hydrolases as antibiofilm agents with cross-kingdom activity

Snarr

Baker

Bamford

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

100

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Galactosaminogalactan and Pel are cationic heteropolysaccharides produced by the opportunistic pathogens Aspergillus fumigatus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. These exopolysaccharides both contain 1,4-linked N-acetyl-D-galactosamine and play an important role in biofilm formation by these organisms. Proteins containing glycoside hydrolase domains have recently been identified within the biosynthetic pathway of each exopolysaccharide. Recombinant hydrolase domains from these proteins (Sph3 h from A. fumigatus and PelA h from P. aeruginosa) were found to degrade their respective polysaccharides in vitro. We therefore hypothesized that these glycoside hydrolases could exhibit antibiofilm activity and, further, given the chemical similarity between galactosaminogalactan and Pel, that they might display cross-species activity. Treatment of A. fumigatus with Sph3 h disrupted A. fumigatus biofilms with an EC 50 of 0.4 nM. PelA h treatment also disrupted preformed A. fumigatus biofilms with EC 50 values similar to those obtained for Sph3 h . In contrast, Sph3 h was unable to disrupt P. aeruginosa Pel-based biofilms, despite being able to bind to the exopolysaccharide. Treatment of A. fumigatus hyphae with either Sph3 h or PelA h significantly enhanced the activity of the antifungals posaconazole, amphotericin B, and caspofungin, likely through increasing antifungal penetration of hyphae. Both enzymes were noncytotoxic and protected A549 pulmonary epithelial cells from A. fumigatus-induced cell damage for up to 24 h. Intratracheal administration of Sph3 h was well tolerated and reduced pulmonary fungal burden in a neutropenic mouse model of invasive aspergillosis. These findings suggest that glycoside hydrolases can exhibit activity against diverse microorganisms and may be useful as therapeutic agents by degrading biofilms and attenuating virulence.biofilm | Aspergillus | Pseudomonas | therapeutics | exopolysaccharide

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“…However, high quantities of extracellular DNA were found in the B. cereus biofilm matrix (42). The negatively charged backbone of this extracellular DNA might interact more easily with bacterial cell surfaces devoid of negatively charged polysaccharide, causing an increase of the biofilm cohesion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and Biofilm-dependent Changes in a Bacillus cereus Secondary Cell Wall Polysaccharide

Candela

Maës

Garenáux

et al. 2011

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Bacterial species from the Bacillus genus, including Bacillus cereus and Bacillus anthracis, synthesize secondary cell wall polymers (SCWP) covalently associated to the peptidoglycan through a phospho-diester linkage. Although such components were observed in a wide panel of B. cereus and B. anthracis strains, the effect of culture conditions or of bacterial growth state on their synthesis has never been addressed. Herein we show that B. cereus ATCC 14579 can synthesize not only one, as previously reported, but two structurally unrelated secondary cell wall polymers (SCWP) polysaccharides. The first of these SCWP, 34)[GlcNAc(␤1-3)]GlcNAc(␤1-6)[Glc(␤1-3)][ManNAc(␣1-4)]GalNAc(␣1-4)ManNAc(␤13, although presenting an original sequence, fits to the already described the canonical sequence motif of SCWP. In contrast, the second polysaccharide was made up by a totally original sequence, 36)-Gal(␣1-2)(2-R-hydroxyglutar-5-ylamido)Fuc2NAc4N(␣1-6)GlcNAc(␤13, which no equivalent has ever been identified in the Bacillus genus. In addition, we established that the syntheses of these two polysaccharides were differently regulated. The first one is constantly expressed at the surface of the bacteria, whereas the expression of the second is tightly regulated by culture conditions and growth states, planktonic, or biofilm.The cell wall surrounding cytoplasmic membrane is of prime importance in bacteria survival and adaptation to their environment. In Gram-positive bacteria, the cell wall includes a thick multilayer peptidoglycan to which most often are associated other cell-surface structures called secondary cell wall polymers (SCWPs) 4 (1). These secondary cell wall polymers include lipoteichoic acids anchored in the outer leaflet of plasmic membrane as well as teichoic acids, teichuronic acids, or neutral polysaccharides (SCWP polysaccharides), which are covalently bound, through a phosphodiester link, to the N-acetyl muramic acid moieties of the peptidoglycan. SCWPs are essential in Bacillus subtilis and were shown to be involved in the bacterial virulence in Staphylococcus aureus (2). In addition, SCWPs bind SLH (S-layer homology) domains containing proteins, thus anchoring them non-covalently to the cell wall (3). These proteins are involved in various functions, including peptidoglycan maturation (4, 5), binding to host tissues (6), or protein degradation (7). Teichoic acids and the secondary cell wall polysaccharide were also reported to be involved in biofilm formation (8 -10).Biofilms are multicellular structures attached to a solid or a liquid surface and embedded in a self-produced matrix. This matrix is made of polymers, mostly polysaccharides, DNA, and/or proteins, provides cohesion to the bacterial community (11-13), and acts as a shield, protecting bacteria within the biofilm. Biofilms are, therefore, persistent structures, resisting desiccation, cleaning procedures, and antimicrobial substances (14), which makes them a challenge in human health and industrial processes. Several species from the Bacillus genus, in...

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DNA as an Adhesin: Bacillus cereus Requires Extracellular DNA To Form Biofilms

Cited by 250 publications

References 57 publications

Phage-induced lysis enhances biofilm formation in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1

Phage-induced lysis enhances biofilm formation in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1

Microbial glycoside hydrolases as antibiofilm agents with cross-kingdom activity

Environmental and Biofilm-dependent Changes in a Bacillus cereus Secondary Cell Wall Polysaccharide

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