DNA‐Assembled Core‐Satellite Upconverting‐Metal–Organic Framework Nanoparticle Superstructures for Efficient Photodynamic Therapy

Abstract

DNA-mediated assembly of core-satellite structures composed of Zr(IV)-based porphyrinic metal-organic framework (MOF) and NaYF ,Yb,Er upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) for photodynamic therapy (PDT) is reported. MOF NPs generate singlet oxygen ( O ) upon photoirradiation with visible light without the need for additional small molecule, diffusional photosensitizers such as porphyrins. Using DNA as a templating agent, well-defined MOF-UCNP clusters are produced where UCNPs are spatially organized around a centrally located MOF NP. Under NIR irradiation, visible light emitted from the UCNPs is absorbed by the core MOF NP to produce O at significantly greater amounts than what can be produced from simply mixing UCNPs and MOF NPs. The MOF-UCNP core-satellite superstructures also induce strong cell cytotoxicity against cancer cells, which are further enhanced by attaching epidermal growth factor receptor targeting affibodies to the PDT clusters, highlighting their promise as theranostic photodynamic agents.

Metal–Organic Framework Nanoparticles

“…The authors were successful in functionalizing the particles with a monolayer of carboxylate‐terminated boron‐dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dye, however, elevated temperatures (120 °C) and long incubation times (48 h) were necessary due to the similar coordination strength of the two ligands being exchanged. More recently, Cha and co‐workers demonstrated an elegant approach to functionalizing PCN‐224 NPs, composed of Zr 6 ‐based SBUs, with DNA . PCN‐224 NPs were first reacted with N α , N α ‐bis(carboxymethyl)‐ l ‐lysine hydrate, which contains three carboxylic acid functional groups that can coordinate cooperatively and strongly with the surface Zr sites, promoting facile surface ligand exchange and exposing a targetable alkyl amine group on the surface of the MOF.…”

Synergistic Amplification of Oxidative Stress–Mediated Antitumor Activity via Liposomal Dichloroacetic Acid and MOF‐Fe2+

“…Therefore, selective activation of cytotoxic ROS in cancer cells is a promising antitumor strategy . Great efforts are dedicated to the development of ROS‐based antitumor treatment, such as activation of ROS‐generating enzymes, hormone therapy, hyperthermia, and photodynamic therapy . Particularly, Fenton reaction is a biological reaction that converts H 2 O 2 , an important product of mitochondrial oxidation, into a highly toxic •OH by Fe, and serves as a new class of ROS‐mediated anticancer therapeutics .…”

Aqueous Stable Gold Nanostar/ZIF‐8 Nanocomposites for Light‐Triggered Release of Active Cargo Inside Living Cells

“…[10] These types of nanocomposites have been recently explored for optical sensing, [11] therapeutics, [12] theranostics, [13] and heterogeneous catalysis with encouraging results. [10] These types of nanocomposites have been recently explored for optical sensing, [11] therapeutics, [12] theranostics, [13] and heterogeneous catalysis with encouraging results.…”

“…In this context, nanocomposites based on MOFs and inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) seem like ag ood strategy to promote drug delivery under ag iven stimulus (for example, light, magnetic fields,u ltrasounds), as already demonstrated for other materials. [10] These types of nanocomposites have been recently explored for optical sensing, [11] therapeutics, [12] theranostics, [13] and heterogeneous catalysis with encouraging results. [14] Nevertheless,t he precise (temporal and spatial) controlled delivery of the cargo inside cells upon stimuli has not been achieved, since the challenging inherent aqueous instability of MOFs has not yet been addressed.…”