DNA-based faecal source tracking of contaminated drinking water causing a large Campylobacter outbreak in Norway 2019

Paruch, Lisa; Paruch, Adam M.; Sørheim, Roald

doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.113420

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Likewise, MST investigations can impact management and mitigation programs by determining that wildlife, livestock, or pets contributed substantially to fecal pollution in certain watersheds and beaches [81, 117•, 118•, 119]. The forensic potential of MST was demonstrated during a 2019 Campylobacter outbreak in Norway, which was attributed to non-human sources, most likely horses, using a combination of FIB, MST, and direct pathogen detection [120]. MST has also been used to identify sources of antimicrobial resistance, the environmental dimensions of which remain poorly understood [121,122].…”

Section: Microbial Source Trackingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Indicators of Fecal Pollution: Recent Progress and Challenges in Assessing Water Quality

Holcomb

Stewart

2020

Curr Envir Health Rpt

116

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Purpose of Review Fecal contamination of water is a major public health concern. This review summarizes recent developments and advancements in water quality indicators of fecal contamination. Recent Findings This review highlights a number of trends. First, fecal indicators continue to be a valuable tool to assess water quality and have expanded to include indicators able to detect sources of fecal contamination in water. Second, molecular methods, particularly PCR-based methods, have advanced considerably in their selected targets and rigor, but have added complexity that may prohibit adoption for routine monitoring activities at this time. Third, risk modeling is beginning to better connect indicators and human health risks, with the accuracy of assessments currently tied to the timing and conditions where risk is measured. Summary Research has advanced although challenges remain for the effective use of both traditional and alternative fecal indicators for risk characterization, source attribution and apportionment, and impact evaluation.

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Section: Microbial Source Trackingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Indicators of Fecal Pollution: Recent Progress and Challenges in Assessing Water Quality

Holcomb

Stewart

2020

Curr Envir Health Rpt

116

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“…C. jejuni cells were also isolated from rivers ( Khan et al, 2014 ), agricultural waters ( Mulder et al, 2020 ), lakes ( Kemp et al, 2005 ), children’s pool waters ( Sawabe et al, 2016 ), beach sand samples ( Yamahara et al, 2012 ) and playgrounds ( French et al, 2009 ). Fecally contaminated drinking water has been associated with several Campylobacter outbreaks in Sweden ( Martin et al, 2006 ), Finland ( Miettinen et al, 2001 ; Hänninen et al, 2003 ), England ( Smith et al, 2006 ), the United States ( Pedati et al, 2019 ), Norway ( Paruch et al, 2020 ), New Zealand ( Bartholomew et al, 2014 ; Gilpin et al, 2020 ) and Denmark ( Kuhn et al, 2017 ). Most of the outbreaks have been attributed to the consumption of untreated groundwater.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waterborne Isolates of Campylobacter jejuni Are Able to Develop Aerotolerance, Survive Exposure to Low Temperature, and Interact With Acanthamoeba polyphaga

2021

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Campylobacter jejuni is regarded as the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis around the world. Even though it is generally considered to be a sensitive microaerobic pathogen, it is able to survive in the environment outside of the intestinal tract of the host. This study aimed to assess the impact of selected environmental parameters on the survival of 14 C. jejuni isolates of different origins, including 12 water isolates. The isolates were tested for their antibiotic resistance, their ability to survive at low temperature (7°C), develop aerotolerance, and to interact with the potential protozoan host Acanthamoeba polyphaga. The antibiotic susceptibility was determined by standard disk diffusion according to EUCAST. Out of the 14 isolates, 8 were resistant to ciprofloxacin (CIP) and 5 to tetracycline (TET), while only one isolate was resistant to erythromycin (ERY). Five isolates were resistant to two different antibiotic classes. Tetracycline resistance was only observed in isolates isolated from wastewater and a clinical sample. Further, the isolates were tested for their survival at 7°C under both aerobic and microaerobic conditions using standard culture methods. The results showed that under microaerobic conditions, all isolates maintained their cultivability for 4 weeks without a significant decrease in the numbers of bacteria and variation between the isolates. However, significant differences were observed under aerobic conditions (AC). The incubation led to a decrease in the number of cultivable cells, with complete loss of cultivability after 2 weeks (one water isolate), 3 weeks (7 isolates), or 4 weeks of incubation (6 isolates). Further, all isolates were studied for their ability to develop aerotolerance by repetitive subcultivation under microaerobic and subsequently AC. Surprisingly, all isolates were able to adapt and grow under AC. As the last step, 5 isolates were selected to evaluate a potential protective effect provided by A. polyphaga. The cocultivation of isolates with the amoeba resulted in the survival of about 40% of cells treated with an otherwise lethal dose of gentamicin. In summary, C. jejuni is able to adapt and survive in a potentially detrimental environment for a prolonged period of time, which emphasizes the role of the environmental transmission route in the spread of campylobacteriosis.

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“…Several Campylobacter species are known to cause infections and campylobacteriosis are largely caused by C. coli and C. jejuni [ 4 , 5 ]. Campylobacteriosis cases have been reported in several parts of the world including South America, Africa, North America, Asia, and Europe [ 6 ]. Campylobacteriosis is usually associated with consumption of contaminated vegetables, fruits, raw milk, untreated water, foodstuffs, and undercooked meats [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular determination of genetic diversity among Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from milk, water, and meat samples using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR)

Igwaran

Okoh

2020

Infection Ecology & Epidemiology

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Consumption of contaminated meat, milk, and water are among the major routes of human campylobacteriosis. This study aimed to determined the genetic diversity of C. coli and C. jejuni isolated from meat, milk, and water samples collected from different locations. From the 376 samples (meat = 248, cow milk = 72, and water = 56) collected, a total of 1238 presumptive Campylobacter isolates were recovered and the presence of the genus Campylobacter were detected in 402 isolates, and from which, 85 and 67 isolates were identified as C. jejuni and C. coli respectively. Of which, 71 isolates identified as C. coli (n = 35) and C. jejuni (n = 36) were randomly selected from meat, milk, and water samples and were genotyped using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR). The digital images of the ERIC-PCR genotype were analyzed by GelJ v.2.0 software. The diversity and similarity of the isolates were assessed via an unweighted-pair group method using average linkages clustering algorithm. The results showed that the 36 C. jejuni strains separated into 29 ERIC-genotypes and 4 clusters while the 35 C. coli were delineated into 29 ERIC-genotypes and 6 clusters. The study revealed the genetic diversity among C. coli and C. jejuni strains recovered from different matrices characterized by Gelj.

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DNA-based faecal source tracking of contaminated drinking water causing a large Campylobacter outbreak in Norway 2019

Cited by 25 publications

References 28 publications

Microbial Indicators of Fecal Pollution: Recent Progress and Challenges in Assessing Water Quality

Microbial Indicators of Fecal Pollution: Recent Progress and Challenges in Assessing Water Quality

Waterborne Isolates of Campylobacter jejuni Are Able to Develop Aerotolerance, Survive Exposure to Low Temperature, and Interact With Acanthamoeba polyphaga

Molecular determination of genetic diversity among Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from milk, water, and meat samples using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR)

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