DNA Computing: Concepts for Medical Applications

Abstract

The branch of informatics that deals with construction and operation of computers built of DNA, is one of the research directions which investigates issues related to the use of DNA as hardware and software. This concept assumes the use of DNA computers due to their biological origin mainly for intelligent, personalized and targeted diagnostics frequently related to therapy. Important elements of this concept are (1) the retrieval of unique DNA sequences using machine learning methods and, based on the results of this process, (2) the construction/design of smart diagnostic biochip projects. The authors of this paper propose a new concept of designing diagnostic biochips, the key elements of which are machine-learning methods and the concept of biomolecular queue automata. This approach enables the scheduling of computational tasks at the molecular level by sequential events of cutting and ligating DNA molecules. We also summarize current challenges and perspectives of biomolecular computer application and machine-learning approaches using DNA sequence data mining.

Principles and Applications of Deoxyribonucleic Acid Computing: A Brief Review

“…It could only be in one of two states "yes" or "no", if the biomolecular computer identifies or found the cancer genes it switches to "yes‖ and release the drug capable to stop can genes from being expressed in response otherwise it remains in "no" states. Though cancer-detecting computers are still in their infancy and can only work in test tubes for the time being, however, Shapiro and his research team foresee future where, it will be possible to diagnose and treat cancer by injecting biomolecular devices directly into living human beings [4]. The breakthroughs in DNA computing have led to the creation of new tools and technologies for building and manipulating DNA-based nanostructures, such as DNA origami [30,31].…”

“…What makes DNA an attractive candidate for building new computational systems, is that DNA is a one-of-a-kind and versatile material that can store and process data in a highly parallel and dense manner [1,3]. Unlike conventional electronic computing, DNA computers operate without electronic components, relying solely on biochemical reactions in a test tube, Revised: 31 May, 2023, Accepted: 18 September , 2023 where DNA strands serve as software and enzymes as hardware [4]. It has the appearance of a transparent water solution in a test tube, which is tiny enough that a drop of water may contain more than a trillion pieces of information subjected to parallel operation [5].…”

DNA Computing: A Paradigm Shift from Silicon to Carbon

“…• Applications in medicine: DNA computing holds potential for niche applications in medicine, such as personalized medicine and targeted drug delivery. The ability to manipulate DNA at the molecular level opens avenues for innovative medical solutions [18].…”

Applied Machine Learning: New Methods, Applications, and Achievements

“…Paper [8] explores the field of DNA-based informatics, focusing on the construction and operation of computers using DNA as both hardware and software. This concept involves the utilization of DNA computers for intelligent and personalized diagnostics, particularly in the context of medical treatment.…”