“…The most commonly reported have been milky disease bacteria Paenibacillus spp. (Dingman, 2009;Hutton and Burbutis, 1974;Cappaert and Smitley, 2002), the microsporidian Ovavesicula popilliae (Andreadis and Hanula, 1987), the gut protist Stictospora villani (Hays et al, 2004), a tiphiid parasitoid, Tiphia vernalis Rohwer (Rogers and Potter, 2004;Ramoutar and Legrand, 2007), and the tachinid fly, Istocheta aldrichi Mesnil (Fleming, 1968). The prevalence of these natural enemies in the Arkansas beetle population has been unknown.…”