DNA inversions in the chromosome of Escherichia coli and in bacteriophage Mu: relationship to other site-specific recombination systems.

Plasterk, Ronald H.A.; Brinkman, Arend; Putte, Pieter van de

doi:10.1073/pnas.80.17.5355

Cited by 102 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In S. typhimurium, the reversible expression of two antigenically different flagella, H1 and H2 (Lederberg & Iino, 1956) is controlled by inversion of the hin region which carries a promoter and is upstream of the H2 gene, and a repressor for H1. In Mu and P1 phage DNA inversion alters the tail fibres, thereby changing the phage host range (Plasterk et al, 1983;Hiestand-Nauer & Iida, 1983). There is also some similarity with the Moraxella bovis invertible region which is within the Q/I (formerly b and a) pilus gene (Fulks et al, 1990), the inversion of which mediates pilus phase and antigenic variation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Multiple inverted DNA repeats of Bacteroides fragilis that control polysaccharide antigenic variation are similar to the hin region inverted repeats of Salmonella typhimurium

et al. 2003

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The important opportunistic pathogen Bacteroides fragilis is a strictly anaerobic Gram-negative bacterium and a member of the normal resident human gastrointestinal microbiota. Our earlier studies indicated that there is considerable within-strain variation in polysaccharide expression, as detected by mAb labelling. Analysis of the genome sequence has revealed multiple invertible DNA regions, designated fragilis invertible (fin) regions, seven of which are upstream of polysaccharide biosynthesis loci and are approximately 226 bp in size. Using orientation-specific PCR primers and sequence analysis with populations enriched for one antigenic type, two of these invertible regions were assigned to heteropolymeric polysaccharides with different sizes of repeating units, as determined by PAGE pattern. The implication of these findings is that inversion of the fin regions switches biosynthesis of these polysaccharides off and on. The invertible regions are bound by inverted repeats of 30 or 32 bp with striking similarity to the Salmonella typhimurium H flagellar antigen inversion cross-over (hix) recombination sites of the invertible hin region. It has been demonstrated that a plasmid-encoded Hin invertase homologue (FinB), present in B. fragilis NCTC 9343, binds specifically to the invertible regions and the recombination sites have been designated as fragilis inversion cross-over (fix) sites.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Multiple inverted DNA repeats of Bacteroides fragilis that control polysaccharide antigenic variation are similar to the hin region inverted repeats of Salmonella typhimurium

et al. 2003

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“…are generated by recombination between inverted repeats (45). A number of related procaryotic proteins, like Gin from phage Mu (7), Cin from phage P1 (14,22), and TnpR from * Corresponding author.…”

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confidence: 99%

The minimum amount of homology required for homologous recombination in mammalian cells.

Rubnitz¹,

Subramani²

1984

Mol. Cell. Biol.

247

168

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Although DNA sequence homology is believed to be a prerequisite for homologous recombination events in procaryotes and eucaryotes, no systematic study has been done on the minimum amount of homology required for homologous recombination in mammalian cells. We have used simian virus 40-pBR322 hybrid plasmids constructed in vitro as substrates to Tn3 (9, 24), also catalyze recombination events between specific sites containing small regions of homology. The integration and excision of lambdoid phages (15) and the recombination events seen with the phage P1 lox-cre system (10) are also mediated through short homologous sequences. In eucaryotes, the FLP protein of the yeast 2,u plasmid catalyzes site-specific recombination between inverted repeats present on the plasmid (4). Other demonstrations of the importance of short homologies include nonhomologous recombinations lacking site specificity. Nonhomologous recombination between phage A DNA and pBR322 DNA in Escherichia coli may involve 10 to 13 base pairs (bp) of homology (18), whereas deletions in E. coli may be formed by recombination between homologous regions of 6 to 17 bp (1).Because sequence homology is such an important feature of recombination, several investigators have studied the effects of decreasing the length of homology available for specific recombination events. First, Singer et al. (30) determined that a minimum of 50 bp of homology is required by the major recombination pathway of bacteriophage T4. More recently, Gonda and Radding (8) found that E. coli RecA protein efficiently paired molecules that shared 151 bp of homology but failed to pair molecules in which homology was limited to 30 bp. In the present work, we have used previously described pBR322-simian virus 40 (SV40) hybrid plasmids (34) to investigate the minimum amount of homology required for recombination in monkey cells. After transfection of these plasmids into permissive cells, homologous recombination events leading to the formation of infectious SV40 virions can be easily scored by a plaque assay (see below). By progressively decreasing the length of homology from 5,243 to 0 bp, we have measured recombination frequency as a function of the length of homology. Our results show that the steepest drop in recombination frequency occurred between 163 and 214 bp, with lower levels of recombination occurring when there was only 14 bp of homology.

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“…Similarly, for the H segment Cmn and Hin compete in binding to the targets, but Cmn and Pin do not. The gene products predicted from nucleotide sequences of hint, pint, and cin+ consist of 190, 184, and 186 amino acids, respectively (Zieg and Simon 1980;Plasterk et al 1983;Hiestand-Nauer and Iida 1983) and show a considerable degree of homology (Plasterk et al 1983;Hiestand-Nauer and Iida 1983;Kamp et al 1984). N-terminal regions are identical in Pin and Cm, but C-terminal regions are different among the three products.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rates of flagellar- and P1 infective-phase variation by three site-specific recombinase genes in every possible combination.

Momota

Enomoto²

1986

The Japanese journal of genetics

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Rates of flagellar-and P1 infective-phase variation, caused by reversible inversion of an H(=PD) and a C segment, respectively, were examined with strains having the three site-specific recombinase genes, hin+, pin+, and cin+, in every possible combination. The variation rates were compared in terms of gene functions on the assumptions that the three genes are similar in gene dosage and comparable with one another in the amount of gene products and that each rate reflects an activity of a single gene or genes combined. The three genes were arranged in the order of the variation rate they caused; cin+> hin+> pin+ for both directions of H inversion, cin+>> hin+> >pin for C(+) inversion, and cin+>> pin+> hin+ for C(-) inversion. For C inversion the rates in a cin+ strain were higher than those in hint and pint by two or three orders of magnitude. It was suggested that for H inversion two couples of the genes, hin+ and pint and pin+ and cin+, function together, but hin+ and cin+ interact against each other and that for C inversion hint and pint interact synergistically, but function against cin+. The variation of P1 cin+ reached equilibrium at a ratio of C (+) /C (-) = 6.1/3.9 in the four kinds of lysogenic strains, and the generations bringing about the equilibrium ranged from 16 to 36 depending on the host gene(s) that function against cin+

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DNA inversions in the chromosome of Escherichia coli and in bacteriophage Mu: relationship to other site-specific recombination systems.

Cited by 102 publications

References 25 publications

Multiple inverted DNA repeats of Bacteroides fragilis that control polysaccharide antigenic variation are similar to the hin region inverted repeats of Salmonella typhimurium

Multiple inverted DNA repeats of Bacteroides fragilis that control polysaccharide antigenic variation are similar to the hin region inverted repeats of Salmonella typhimurium

The minimum amount of homology required for homologous recombination in mammalian cells.

Rates of flagellar- and P1 infective-phase variation by three site-specific recombinase genes in every possible combination.

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