DNA methylation assay for colorectal carcinoma

Abstract

Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Two pathogenic pathways are involved in the development of adenoma to CRC. The first pathway involvesAPC/β-catenin characterized by chromosomal instability resulting in the accumulation of mutations. The second pathway is characterized by lesions inDNA mismatch repair genes. Aberrant DNA methylation in selected gene promoters has emerged as a new epigenetic pathway in CRC development. CRC screening is the most efficient strategy to reduce death. Specific DNA methylation events occur in multistep carcinogenesis. Epigenetic gene silencing is a causative factor of CRC development. DNA methylations have been extensively examined in stool from CRC and precursor lesions. Many methylated genes have been described in CRC and adenoma, although no definite DNA methylation biomarkers panel has been established. Multiple DNA methylation biomarkers, including secreted frizzled-related protein 2, secreted frizzled-related protein 1, tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2, vimentin, and methylguanine DNA methyltransferase, have been further investigated, and observations have revealed that DNA methylation biomarkers exhibit with high sensitivity and specificity. These markers may also be used to diagnose CRC and adenoma in early stages. Real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is sensitive, scalable, specific, reliable, time saving, and cost effective. Stool exfoliated markers provide advantages, including sensitivity and specificity. A stool qPCR methylation test may also be an enhanced tool for CRC and adenoma screening.

SFRPTumour Suppressor Genes Are Potential Plasma-Based Epigenetic Biomarkers for Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma

“…The Cox regression analysis indicated an association between overall survival and SFRP2 ( p = 0.06) and SFRP5 ( p = 0.56) DNA methylation status in our sample series. The lack of a significant correlation between overall survival of SFRP2 and SFRP5 DNA methylation in MPM contrasts with the situation in colorectal cancer, where SFRP1 and SFRP2 methylation has potential as an early diagnostic epigenetic biomarker [ 38 ].…”

Methylatedclaudin-11associated with metastasis and poor survival of colorectal cancer

“…Next-generation sequencing provides a new perspective of viewing epigenetic modification. A large-scale of cancer investigations have been identified one of key player of epigenetic changes, DNA methylation across a variety of human cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC) [ 17 , 18 ], and clarified how DNA methylation influent the process of cancer. DNA methylation is a relatively stable epigenetic change, mediating the silencing of certain genes [ 19 ].…”

Promoter methylation of Wnt/β-Catenin signal inhibitor TMEM88 is associated with unfavorable prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer

“…Many genes have been reported to undergo aberrant DNA methylation in cancer 19 , 20 , such as the DNA repair gene O(6)-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase ( MGMT ) in B-cell lymphoma 21 , dickkopf 3 ( Dkk3 ) gene in gastric cancer 22 , secreted frizzled-related protein 1 ( SFRP1 ) in breast cancer 23 and colorectal cancer 24 , MGMT and MLH1 in colorectal cancer 25 , and WIF-1 26 and Axin 27 in lung cancer. In our study, we discovered that the hypermethylation of TMEM88 in NSCLC was associated with an unfavorable prognosis.…”