DNA nanotechnology in tumor liquid biopsy: Enrichment and determination of circulating biomarkers

Abstract

Monitoring tumor biomarkers in a non‐invasive manner for tumor diagnosis has attracted increasing attention. Liquid biopsy mainly includes three types of biomarkers: circulating tumor cells, extracellular vesicles, and circulating nucleic acids. These biomarkers released by tumor cells can travel to other parts of the circulation system. The analysis of circulating tumor markers in the circulation enables early tumor diagnosis, progression evolution, and treatment monitoring, which are important for individualized clinical decisions. In this study, we summarize different DNA nanotechnology strategies that can be used to capture, amplify, and measure circulating biomarkers and discuss the current challenges and outlook.

An overview of influenza A virus detection methods: from state-of-the-art of laboratories to point-of-care strategies

“…Compared to other nucleic acid amplication techniques, isothermal amplication is fast, efficient, specic and does not require specialized equipment. [86][87][88] Golabi M et al developed a LAMP for the detection of avian inuenza viruses and successfully detected them in bird oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs at concentrations as low as 10 0.8 EID 50 in a eld assay, with the entire reaction, including the preparation of the samples, taking about 30 minutes. 89 IAT is faster and more convenient than reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), but it is also prone to the problem of aerosol contamination leading to false-positive results, which is more demanding on the operator.…”

“…90,91,93–95 Aptamer-based biosensors are expected to be one of the most exciting tools in the field of bioassay. 87,93 Fang Wang et al established aptamer–antibody complementation on multiwalled carbon nanotube–gold transduced dielectrode surfaces to detect pandemic swine influenza virus by adopting multiple strategies. 96 Jae Kwon et al established an aptamer-based field-effect transistor for detection of avian influenza virus in chicken serum, with a detection range of 10 pM to 10 nM and a detection limit of 5.9 pM.…”