DNA polymerase activity in rheumatoid synovial membranes.

Norval, Mary; Ogilvie, Marie M.; Marmion, B. P.

doi:10.1136/ard.34.3.205

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…It has been reported that while the lymphocytes of the synovial fluid are being activated, the blood lymphocytes of the same patient show characteristics within normal limits (3). Therefore it appears likely that the lymphocytes become activated within the synovial membrane (4) or within the synovial effusion as a result of a factor or factors present there.…”

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The Activating Effect of Synovial Fluid and Washings of Synovial Membrane on Autologous Lymphocytes in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Sebʼnk

Talerman

Wouters

et al. 1977

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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The effect of synovial fluid and washings of synovial membrane on autologous lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other diseases has been studied using a rapid method based upon the increase in intranuclear birefringence occurring in the early stages of lymphocyte activation. Retardation of polarized light indicating increased lymphocyte activation was seen in lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis but not in lymphocytes from patients with other diseases.Recent studies have shown that, when examined by electron microscopy, lymphocytes present in the synovial membrane of patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis present the appearances of well developed blastic cells or the intermediate states of blastic transformation (l,2). The increased uptake of radioactive thymidine by isolated synovial fluid lymphocytes (3) that not only the lymphocytes in the rheumatoid synovial membrane but also those in the synovial fluid are being activated. It has been reported that while the lymphocytes of the synovial fluid are being activated, the blood lymphocytes of the same patient show characteristics within normal limits (3). Therefore it appears likely that the lymphocytes become activated within the synovial membrane (4) or within the synovial effusion as a result of a factor or factors present there.Isolated blood lymphocytes of patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis and other diseases were examined in vitro to see whether they would become activated when added to a cell-free synovial effusion or washings from synovial membrane obtained from the same patient, T o detect the activated lymphocytes, a new rapid method was used based upon nuclear birefringence occurring lymphocyte activation ( 5 ) . MATERIALS ANDFifteen milliliters of blood the increase in intrain the early stages of METHODSwere obtained by venipuncture and mixed with 1000 IU of heparin. The lymphocytes were isolated by phycol-isopaque gradient centrifugation described by Boyum (6). T h e isolated lymphocytes were cultured in TC 199 (Difco) medium. The number of the living mononuclear cells was between 0.9 and 1.5 X IOB in each milliliter of the culture medium. T h e culture medium was divided into samples (each 2 ml in volume). One sample was used a s a control while others were treated with 0.1; 0.2; 0.4 ml cell-free supernatant of the centrifuged synovial effusion.

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The Activating Effect of Synovial Fluid and Washings of Synovial Membrane on Autologous Lymphocytes in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Sebʼnk

Talerman

Wouters

et al. 1977

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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“…In analogous studies RA extracts of synovial membranes on the one hand, or cultured or cocultivated synovial cells on the other, were not shown to contain viral polymerases (Spruance et al, 1975;Norval et al, 1975). Less attention has been paid in studies of RA to the possible involvement of retrovirus with cells of the immune and immunoregulatory system.…”

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Viruses and lymphocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. II. Examination of lymphocytes and sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis for evidence of retrovirus infection.

Hart¹,

McCormick²,

Marmion³

1979

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases

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summARY The possible involvement of retroviruses in the aetiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was investigated. Retrovirus antigens were not expressed on rheumatoid synovial and peripheral blood lymphocytes as judged by membrane immunofluorescence, radioimmunoassay, and complement-mediated cytotoxicity. The specific antiretroviral (anti-RD-144 and anti-SSAV) sera used in this study were produced in rabbits immunised with viral antigens grown in a homologous system (rabbit cells and medium supplemented with normal rabbit serum), avoiding non-specific immunofluorescence previously detected with donated antiretroviral sera. Immune complexes lodged in the rheumatoid synovial membranes did not contain, and other cells within the membranes did not express, retroviral antigens. Antibodies cross-reacting with primate retrovirus antigens were sought in sera from patients with 'autoimmune' diseases by means of solid phase radioimmunoassay. There were no retrovirus antibodies in the 3 groups of patients studied, that is, those with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and with non-RA conditions. Absorption of rheumatoid factor did not alter this conclusion. These results give little support to the hypothesis that activation of endogenous human retroviruses or an infection with horizontally transmitted retroviruses is associated with the rheumatoid process.

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“…In the case of DNA viruses this integration can occur directly; with some RNA viruses, as shown with leucoviruses, a DNA copy of the RNA is made first using RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase) before integration occurs. Recently some of the techniques used in leucovirus work have been applied to synovial membranes and strains to ascertain if a virus of this type is present (Norval, Ogilvie, and Marmion, 1975;Spruance and others, 1975). Person, Sharp, and Rawls (1973) have studied cell cultures from synovial fluids and membranes after co-cultivation with Vero cells and after induction with 5-iododeoxyuridine (IUDR.)…”

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