DNA Profiling in Forensic Science: A Review

Lakshmi, Jaya B.; Tejasvi, M L Avinash; Avinash, A.; Chanchala, H P; Talwade, Priyanka; Afroz, Mohammed Malik; Pokala, Archana; Neela, Praveen Kumar; Shyamilee, T K.; Srisha, Vammi

doi:10.1055/s-0041-1728689

Cited by 32 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…DNA evidence is paramount in modern forensic investigations, even non‐human (animal and plant) forensics cases. Biomaterials used to obtain DNA evidence in wildlife cases include blood, semen, saliva, urine, feces, hair, teeth, bone, tissue and cells (Bukyya et al., 2021). Besides these biospecimens, trace DNA may also be recovered from artifacts such as fired bullet casings, traps and baits, to help establish essential leads regarding the perpetrator (Mcleish et al., 2018; Prasad et al., 2020).…”

Section: Common Forms Of Wildlife Biological Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Wildlife forensic genetics—Biological evidence, DNA markers, analytical approaches, and challenges

Kanthaswamy

2023

Animal Genetics

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Wildlife‐related crimes are the second most prevalent lawbreaking offense globally. This illicit trade encompasses hunting, breeding and trafficking. Besides diminishing many species and their habitats and ecosystems, hindering the economic development of local communities that depend on them, undermining the rule of law and financing terrorism, various cross‐species transmissions (zoonoses) of pathogens, including COVID‐19, can be attributed to wildlife crimes. Wildlife forensics applies interdisciplinary scientific analyses to support law enforcement in investigating wildlife crimes. Its main objectives are to identify the taxonomic species in question, determine if a crime has been committed, link a suspect to the crime and support the conviction and prosecution of the perpetrator. This article reviews wildlife crime and its implications, wildlife forensic science investigation, common forms of wildlife biological evidence, including DNA, wildlife DNA techniques and challenges in wildlife forensic genetics. The article also reviews the contributions of genetic markers such as short tandem repeat (STR) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers, which provide the probative genetic data representing the bulk of DNA evidence for solving wildlife crime. This review provides an overview of wildlife DNA databases, which are critical for searching and matching forensic DNA profiles and sequences and establishing how frequent forensic DNA profiles and sequences are in a particular population or geographic region. As such, this review will contain an in‐depth analysis of the current status of wildlife forensic genetics, and it will be of general interest to wildlife and conservation biologists, law enforcement officers, and academics interested in combating crimes against wildlife using animal forensic DNA methods.

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Section: Common Forms Of Wildlife Biological Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Wildlife forensic genetics—Biological evidence, DNA markers, analytical approaches, and challenges

Kanthaswamy

2023

Animal Genetics

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“…In addition, no data are available for the nondestructive collection of DNA from the visualized LFPs after treatment with TPA-1OH or Zn(tpy-R). Since DNA is another unique characteristic of every individual, nondestructive extraction of DNA from LFPs has become a key process following the visualization of LFPs at the crime scene. , Significantly, the pyridine group of TPA-1OH and Zn(tpy-R) may interfere with the extraction of DNA from LFPs due to the pyridine-based derivatives exhibiting strong binding affinity toward DNA. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

De Novo Green Fluorescent Protein Chromophore-Based Probes for Capturing Latent Fingerprints Using a Portable System

Ruan,

Qiu,

Wei

et al. 2024

J. Am. Chem. Soc.

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Rapid visualization of latent fingerprints, preferably at their point of origin, is essential for effective crime scene evaluation. Here, we present a new class of green fluorescent protein chromophore-based fluorescent dyes (LFP-Yellow and LFP-Red) that can be used for real-time visualization of LFPs within 10 s. Compared with traditional chemical reagents for LFPs, these fluorescent dyes are completely water-soluble, exhibit low cytotoxicity, and are harmless to users. Level 1−3 details of the LFPs could be clearly revealed through "off−on" fluorescence signal readout. Additionally, the fluorescent dyes were constructed based on an imidazolinone core and so do not contain pyridine groups or metal ions, which ensures that the DNA is not contaminated during extraction and identification after the LFPs are treated with the dyes. Combined with our as-developed portable system for capturing LFPs, LFP-Yellow and LFP-Red enabled the rapid capture of LFPs. Therefore, these green fluorescent protein chromophore-based probes provide an approach for the rapid identification of individuals who were present at a crime scene.

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“…In the confirmatory testing role, MS has long been a gold‐standard method for analysing illicit substances in body fluids. However, the majority of standard methods and well‐used approaches such as liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC–MS) require destructive extraction, modification and preconcentration techniques to be employed before analysis 1,13 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the majority of standard methods and well-used approaches such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) require destructive extraction, modification and preconcentration techniques to be employed before analysis. 1,13 Ambient ionization MS methods are capable of analysing samples in-situ with minimal sample preparation and have been used both to identify biofluids 14,15 and to detect specific targeted compounds present in biofluids, including drug compounds 16,17 and disease biomarkers. 17,18 Probe electrospray ionization (PESI), a method developed by Hiraoka et al at the University of Yamanishi in Japan, 19 is a particularly valuable method for forensic biofluid analysis as it requires no sample preparation and has short analysis times.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a rapid, in‐situ analysis method using sheath‐flow probe electrospray ionisation‐mass spectrometry for the direct identification of cocaine metabolites in dried blood spots

Kim

Kelly

Turner

et al. 2022

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Small amounts of biofluid samples are frequently found at crime scenes, however existing gold standard methods such as LC-MS frequently require destructive extraction of the sample before a time-consuming analysis which puts strain on forensic analysis providers and can preclude further sample analysis. This study presents the application of Sheath Flow Probe Electrospray Ionization -Mass Spectrometry (sfPESI-MS) to the direct analysis of drug metabolites in dried blood spots as a high throughput, minimally destructive alternative. METHODS:A rapid direct analysis method using a sfPESI ionisation source coupled to an Orbitrap Exactive mass spectrometer was applied to detect cocaine metabolites (benzoylecgonine, BZE, cocaethylene, CE, and ecgonine methyl ester, EME) from dried blood spots. An optimisation study exploring the use of different chemical modifiers (formic acid and sodium acetate) in the sfPESI probe extraction solvent was conducted to enhance the sensitivity and reproducibility of the sfPESI-MS method. RESULTS:Optimization of the extraction solvent significantly enhanced the sensitivity and reproducibility of the sfPESI-MS method. A quantitative response over a 5-point calibration range 0.5 to 10 µg/mL was obtained for benzoylecgonine (R 2 = 0.9979) and cocaethylene (R 2 = 0.9948). Limits-of-detection (LoD) of 1.31, 0.29 and 0.15 µg/mL were achieved for EME, BZE and CE respectively from 48-hour aged dried blood spots with % RSD across the calibration range ranging between 19 -28 % for [BZE+H] + , 13 -21 % for [CE+H] + and 12 -29 % for [EME+H] + .

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DNA Profiling in Forensic Science: A Review

Cited by 32 publications

References 44 publications

Review: Wildlife forensic genetics—Biological evidence, DNA markers, analytical approaches, and challenges

Review: Wildlife forensic genetics—Biological evidence, DNA markers, analytical approaches, and challenges

De Novo Green Fluorescent Protein Chromophore-Based Probes for Capturing Latent Fingerprints Using a Portable System

Development of a rapid, in‐situ analysis method using sheath‐flow probe electrospray ionisation‐mass spectrometry for the direct identification of cocaine metabolites in dried blood spots

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