DNA Sequence of the Major Inverted Repeat in the Varicella-Zoster Virus Genome

Davison, Andrew J.; Scott, J. E.

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-66-2-207

Cited by 44 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This difference between amino and carboxy termini may reflect greater constraints either in DNA structure at the 3' termini of the genes or in protein function at the carboxy termini. Although amino termini are predicted less reliably from DNA sequence data than are carboxy termini, because proteins need not be initiated at the first ATG in an open reading frame, there is good reason from the analyses of the DNA sequences (Murchie & McGeoch, 1982;Davison, 1983;Davison & Scott, 1985;McGeoch et al, 1985 to suppose that the amino termini have been identified correctly. The transcript mapping data summarized in Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evolutionary Comparisons of the S Segments in the Genomes of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and Varicella-Zoster Virus

Davison

McGeoch

1986

Journal of General Virology

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122

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SUMMARYThe genomes of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) consist of two covalently joined segments, L and S.,Each segment comprises an unique sequence flanked by inverted repeats. We have reported previously the DNA sequences of the S segments in these two genomes, and have identified protein-coding regions therein. In HSV-1, the unique sequence of S contains ten entire genes plus the major parts of two more, and each inverted repeat contains one entire gene; in VZV, the unique sequence of S contains two entire genes plus the major parts of two more, and each inverted repeat contains three entire genes. In this report, an examination of polypeptide sequence homology has shown that each VZV gene has an HSV-1 counterpart, but that six of the HSV-1 genes have no VZV homologues. Thus, although these regions of the two genomes differ in gene layout, they are related to a significant degree. The analysis indicates that the inverted repeats are evidently capable of largescale expansion or contraction during evolution. The differences in gene layout can be understood as resulting from a small number of recombinational events during the descent of HSV-1 and VZV from a common ancestor. INTRODUCTIONMembers of the family Herpesviridae are classified into three subfamilies: the Alpha-, Betaand Gamma-herpesvirinae. This subclassification is based on properties of the virus particle, on features of the replication cycle and on biological aspects, such as host range and site of latency (Matthews, 1982). These criteria have proved useful but, despite some attempts to include genome organization as an additional taxonomical factor, the evidence for relationships between the subfamilies has been circumstantial. Comparisons of currently emerging herpesvirus DNA sequences will allow the relationships to be investigated precisely and directly at the genetic level. For example, recent comparisons of sequences from herpes simplex virus type l (HSV-1) and Epstein-Barr virus, which are members of the Alpha-and Gammaherpesvirinae, respectively, have demonstrated a degree of conservation in the predicted amino acid sequences of at least three virus-coded proteins: the two subunits of the ribonucleotide reductase , the DNA polymerase (Quinn & McGeoch, 1985;Baer et al., 1984) and the major DNA-binding protein (Quinn & McGeoch, 1985). Nevertheless, the available evidence indicates that the Alphaherpesvirinae and Gammaherpesvirinae are rather distantly related. There are as yet no sequence data indicating the degree of relationship between the Betaherpesvirinae and the other subfamilies.In contrast, studies of antigenic relatedness and DNA homology have shown members of the same subfamily to be much more closely related. For example, Davison & Wilkie (1983), using the technique of DNA-DNA hybridization, detected conservation of several genes in five members of the Alphaherpesvirinae. They proposed from the colinear arrangement of conserved

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The locations of HSV-1 protein-coding regions (here called RS1 and US1 to US12) were described by Murchie & McGeoch (1982. No mRNA map is available for VZV, but proteincoding regions (here called RS 1 to RS3 and US1 to US4) were described by Davison (1983) and Davison & Scott (1985).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary Comparisons of the S Segments in the Genomes of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and Varicella-Zoster Virus

Davison

McGeoch

1986

Journal of General Virology

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122

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“…The product of VZV ORF 62 (and ORF 71, since this gene is diploid), a polypeptide of calculated Mr 139989, is thought to be equivalent to HSV-1 Vmw175, which is a major trans-activator of HSV-1 early and late gene transcription. This conclusion is based on their comparable locations in the short repeat region of the genome (Davison & Scott, 1985, sequence homology (Davison & Scott, 1986) and the ability to stimulate gene expression in transfection assays (Everett & Dunlop, 1984;Everett, 1984). Furthermore, Vero cells that contain integrated copies of ORF 62 (Fl14 cells) complement the growth of HSV-1 temperature-sensitive mutants with mutations in the coding sequences of Vmw175 (Felser et al, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of expression of the varicella-zoster virus major immediate early gene

Mckee

Disney²,

Everett³

et al. 1990

Journal of General Virology

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The cis-acting DNA sequences and trans-acting proteins that control the expression of the major immediate early (IE) gene of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) were investigated. The location of the IE mRNA 5' terminus was determined by primer extension and S1 nuclease analyses and the functional activities of DNA sequences upstream of this site were analysed by a transfection assay. The VZV IE promoter exhibited low activity in BHK and HeLa cells, but was transactivated by the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) virion protein Vmw65. DNA sequences between positions -131 and +57 were responsible for promoter activity, whereas sequences between -410 and -131 mediated the response to Vmw65. Two short elements in the -410 to -131 region formed protein-DNA complexes with HeLa cell nuclear proteins and formed a ternary complex when Vmw65 was added. One of the elements, ATGTAAATGAAAT, possessed a strong similarity to the HSV-1 TAATGARAT. The VZV homologue of Vmw65, encoded by open reading frame (ORF) 10, failed to trans-activate expression from HSV-1 or VZV IE promoters and did not form a ternary complex with functional TAATGARAT elements and HeLa cell proteins. Therefore, stimulation of VZV IE transcription by Vmw65 can occur by a mechanism similar to that employed by HSV-1, but VZV ORF 10 does not function as a trans-activator of IE gene expression.

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“…Vmw175 is an essential protein with a central role in regulation of the HSV-1 transcriptional programme, and has been the subject of intense study (reviewed by Everett, 1987). The VZV gene 62 protein is highly similar (Davison & Scott, 1985;McGeoch et al, 1986) and functionally analogous to Vmw175 (Felser et al, 1988;Disney & Everett, 1990), and has been identified immunologically in infected cells (Felser et al, 1988;Forghani et al, 1990). Vmw63 is an essential protein which regulates later phases of HSV-1 transcription (reviewed by Sandri-Goldin, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The VZV gene 4 protein shows limited similarity to Vmw63 (Davison & Scott, 1986), and has been implicated in transcriptional regulation by transient expression studies (Inchauspe et al, 1989). The VZV gene 63 protein is the counterpart of Vmw68 (Davison & Scott, 1985), which affects the host range of HSV-1 in cell culture (Sears et al, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%