DNA sequence polymorphisms in the genus Saccharomyces. V. Cloning and characterization of aLEU2 gene from S. carlsbergensis

Two-dimensional gel analysis of the proteome of lager brewing yeasts

“…Among the homologues of each of these chromosomes, one is highly homologous to its S. cerevisiae counterpart (Nilsson‐Tillgren et al ., 1981; Casey, 1986b; Nilsson‐Tillgren et al ., 1986; Petersen et al ., 1987). In the same way, molecular hybridization studies using probes originating from 16 different genes revealed that among the two divergent alleles observed for each gene, one is closely related to S. cerevisiae (Holmberg, 1982; Casey, 1986a; Nilsson‐Tillgren et al ., 1986; Petersen et al ., 1987; Casey and Pedersen, 1988; Pedersen, 1985, 1986a, b, 1994). The interest of the present study is to show for the first time that these observations can be extended to a very large number of genes, more than 150, and probably concern the entire genetic information of the S. cerevisiae genome.…”

“…These yeasts belong to the genus Saccharomyces and have traditionally been denoted S. carlsbergensis . Chromosome transfer experiments (Nilsson‐Tillgren et al ., 1981; Casey, 1986b; Nilsson‐Tillgren et al ., 1986; Petersen et al ., 1987), Southern hybridization (Nilsson‐Tillgren et al ., 1981; Holmberg, 1982; Pedersen, 1985, 1986a, b, 1994; Casey, 1986a, b; Nilsson‐Tillgren et al ., 1986; Petersen et al ., 1987; Casey and Pedersen, 1988) and DNA sequences analysis (Hansen et al ., 1994; Hansen and Kielland‐Brandt, 1994; Fujii et al ., 1996; Borsting et al , 1997) indicate that they are hybrids containing parts of at least two diverged genomes. In spite of extensive investigations, these genomes are still not clearly identified.…”

“…In spite of extensive investigations, these genomes are still not clearly identified. One is derived from S. cerevisiae (Holmberg, 1982; Pedersen, 1985; Vaughan Martini and Kurtzman, 1985; Nilsson‐Tillgren et al ., 1986; Casey, 1986a; Pedersen, 1986a, b; Petersen et al ., 1987; Casey and Pedersen, 1988; Pedersen, 1994). The origin of the other genome has yet not been clarified.…”

Genome Diversity and Evolution in the Budding Yeasts (Saccharomycotina)

“…(A) By the mid-1980s to mid-1990s, the use of DNA–DNA reassociation (Vaughan Martini and Martini 1987; Vaughan Martini 1989) and the biological species definition (Naumov 1987) led to the consolidation of the Saccharomyces yeasts into three species and one hybrid used in lager fermentation. This hybrid was between S. cerevisiae and something close to S. bayanus , but not S. bayanus itself (Casey and Pedersen 1988; Hansen and Kielland-Brandt 1994; Hansen et al 1994). (B) By the late 1990s, the use of the biological species definition, along with electrophoretic karyotyping and presence/absence of specific repeated sequences, on isolates in various culture collections resulted in the discovery of three new species, S. cariocanus , S. mikatae , and S. kudriavzevii , and the refinement of S. bayanus var.…”

“…The genomic analysis of hybrids presented a conundrum to yeast researchers. S. pastorianus is a hybrid between S. cerevisiae and another species close to but not S. uvarum (Casey and Pedersen 1988; Hansen and Kielland-Brandt 1994; Hansen et al 1994). The European S. cerevisiae × S. kudriavzevii hybrids presented another conundrum, namely that no European population of S. kudriavzevii was known, bringing into question where the hybridization took place (Hittinger et al 2004).…”