DNA strand breaks (comet assay) and embryo development effects in grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) embryos after exposure to genotoxicants

Application of primary haemocyte culture of Penaeus monodon in the assessment of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of heavy metals and pesticides

“…Sung et al (2003) examined the effects and toxicity of phthalate esters on the isolated haemocytes of Macrobrachium rosenbergii utilising haemocytic adhesion, pseudopodia formation, superoxide anion production and phenoloxidase activity. Toxicity of cadmium chloride and/or mercuric chloride has been evaluated in vivo on different aquatic organisms such as fishes (Pereira et al, 2009), sea urchin (Filosto et al, 2008), shrimp (Lee et al, 2000;Espericueta et al, 2001) and crab (Botton, 2000). In our study toxicity was tested in vitro on primary haemocyte culture of P. monodon and 12 h IC 50 values for cadmium chloride and mercuric chloride were 31.09 AE 16.27 mM and 5.52 AE 1.16 mM, respectively.…”

“…Comet assay has become one of the most popular tools for detecting DNA stand breaks in aquatic animals (Frenzilli et al, 2009) and has been employed to assess the DNA damage in aquatic vertebrates such as Cyprinus carpio (Arabi, 2004), Carassius auratus (Masuda et al, 2004), Danio rerio (Kosmehl et al, 2008) and Liza aurata (Pereira et al, 2009), and invertebrates such as Limnoperna fortunei (Villela et al, 2007), Dreissena polymorpha (Juhel et al, 2007), Polycelis feline (Horvat et al, 2005), Palaemonetes pugio (Lee et al, 2000(Lee et al, , 2008, Mytilus edulis (Rank and Jensen, 2003;Cheung et al, 2006) and Crassostrea virginica (Bissett et al, 2009). For in vivo studies in aquatic invertebrates such as oysters, mussels, clams and shrimp, cells from haemolymph, embryos, gills and digestive glands were used for Comet assay (Lee and Steinert, 2003).…”

“…In vitro studies of genotoxicants were reported in haemocytes, gill cells and digestive gland cells from various mollusks namely Mytillus edulis, Nassarius tegula and Musculista senhousia (Sastre et al, 1997;Wilson et al, 1998). Studies of genotoxicants in shrimp cell cultures were not reported while Lee et al (2000) studied the effects of genotoxicants such as chromium (III) chloride, sodium chromate, mercuric chloride, and 2-methyl-1,2-naphthoquinone (MNQ) on grass shrimp, P. pugio, embryos employing Comet assay. DNA damage in a variety of aquatic animals has been associated with reduced growth, abnormal development and reduced survival of embryos, larvae and adults (Steinert, 1999;Lee et al, 2000).…”

“…Studies of genotoxicants in shrimp cell cultures were not reported while Lee et al (2000) studied the effects of genotoxicants such as chromium (III) chloride, sodium chromate, mercuric chloride, and 2-methyl-1,2-naphthoquinone (MNQ) on grass shrimp, P. pugio, embryos employing Comet assay. DNA damage in a variety of aquatic animals has been associated with reduced growth, abnormal development and reduced survival of embryos, larvae and adults (Steinert, 1999;Lee et al, 2000). In grass shrimp embryos Comet assay was used to provide a sensitive measure of DNA strand breakage exposed to genotoxicants, highway run off sediments, sediments with coal ash and phototoxicants (Lee et al, 2000(Lee et al, , 2008Lee and Kim, 2002;Kim and Lee, 2004).…”

Detection of DMA Damages Induced by Five Model Chemicals in Goldfish Carassius auratus Cells Using Comet Assay

“…Therefore, small size and large number of chromosome do not affect the performance of the comet assay, so it can be easily applied to fish or other aquatic organisms. The comet assay have been developed for fish (Michelmore and Chipman 1998;Faverney 2001;Masuda et al 2004) and other aquatic organisms, including shellfish (Sasaki et al 1997), mussel (Pavlica et al 2001), oyster (Nacci et al 1996), grass shrimp (Lee et al 2000), and tadpoles (Ralph and Petras 1996). In fish and other aquatic organisms, it is a problem that fundamental knowledge to evaluate genotoxicity is scarce.…”