DNS64: DNS Extensions for Network Address Translation from IPv6 Clients to IPv4 Servers

Matthews, Philip; Bagnulo, Marcelo; Sullivan, Andrew; Beijnum, Iljitsch van

doi:10.17487/rfc6147

Cited by 88 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…These values were observed by human eyes only, and they were even fluctuating, therefore the following numbers are to be interpreted as order of magnitude estimations. They will be used for qualitative 1 It was done not during the above measurements because it could have influenced the execution speed of the programs, but during repeated ones. 2 This command gives both a summary of the CPU states (e.g.…”

Section: Discussion Of the Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For all three tests, average and standard deviation of the execution times of the 256 experiments were calculated and also the maximum values were selected. The performance (the number of AAAA record requests per second) was calculated according to (1).…”

Section: ) Measurement With Dns64perfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The combination of DNS64 [1] and NAT64 [2] is the best available solution which can enable IPv6 only clients to communicate with IPv4 only servers. There are several DNS64 and NAT64 implementations exist and the network operators need to choose the one that best fits for their purposes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Test Program for the Performance Analysis of DNS64 Servers

Lencse

2015

International Journal of Advances in Telecommunications, Electrotechnics, Signals and Systems

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Abstract-In our earlier research papers, bash shell scripts using the host Linux command were applied for testing the performance and stability of different DNS64 server implementations. Because of their inefficiency, a small multithreaded C/C++ program (named dns64perf) was written which can directly send DNS AAAA record queries. After the introduction to the essential theoretical background about the structure of DNS messages and TCP/IP socket interface programming, the design decisions and implementation details of our DNS64 performance test program are disclosed. The efficiency of dns64perf is compared to that of the old method using bash shell scripts. The result is convincing: dns64perf can send at least 95 times more DNS AAAA record queries per second. The source code of dns64perf is published under the GNU GPLv3 license to support the work of other researchers in the field of testing the performance of DNS64 servers. Keywords-DNS64, DNS query, Linux, performance analysis, TCP/IP socket interface programming. I. INTRODUCTIONThe combination of DNS64 [1] and NAT64 [2] is the best available solution which can enable IPv6 only clients to communicate with IPv4 only servers. There are several DNS64 and NAT64 implementations exist and the network operators need to choose the one that best fits for their purposes. Performance, stability and security are all very important aspects. Several papers were published concerning the performance of DNS64 and NAT64 implementations,, however their authors measured the common performance of the combination of a given DNS64 implementation and a given NAT64 implementation. We have shown in [6] that the performance of the NAT64 and DNS64 implementations should be measured independently. In our previous works [6]-[8], we measured the performance of several DNS64 implementations using single core and also multi-core test devices. We used simple bash shell scripts for load generation (see details in section II), but they proved to be inefficient and therefore we decided to prepare a small special purpose C/C++ test program. We do not know of any other similar test program for the performance analysis of DNS64 servers, except for the general DNS server performance test program called DNSPerf [9] which could be used, however it uses a text file as input [10] and thus the reading and processing of the text file may be a Therefore we considered that a small special purpose DNS64 performance test program was worth writing. In this paper, we discuss the design, implementation and testing of our DNS64 performance test program. The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. The DNS64 server performance testing algorithm to be implemented by the test program is discussed in section II. The theoretical background including the structure of the DNS messages and the basics of TCP/IP socket interface programming is summarized in section III. The design and implementation questions are detailed in section IV. The method of the comparison of the performances of the old bash scripts and of...

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Section: Discussion Of the Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ) Measurement With Dns64perfmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Test Program for the Performance Analysis of DNS64 Servers

Lencse

2015

International Journal of Advances in Telecommunications, Electrotechnics, Signals and Systems

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“…The headers of packets passing between an IPv6-only end system and an IPv4-only end system are converted from one protocol to the other using the IP/ICMP Translation Algorithm [12], allowing the end systems to communicate without knowing that the remote system is using a different IP version. A special DNS Application Level Gateway (ALG), known as DNS64 [13], is used to trick IPv6 hosts into thinking that the IPv4 destination has an IPv6 address. The IPv6 host believes that it is communicating with another IPv6 system, and the IPv4 system believes that it is talking to another IPv4 system.…”

Section: Nat64mentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow-Based Identification of Failures Caused by IPv6 Transition Mechanisms

Bajpai

Mel'nikov

Sehgal

et al. 2012

Dependable Networks and Services

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Abstract. The IETF has developed several solutions that promote IPv4 and IPv6 co-existence, but they need to be thoroughly tested on a large scale, before they can actually be considered as viable solutions. In the following study we present an experimental evaluation of the two popular transitioning technologies: NAT64 and Dual-Stack Lite. Our first goal is to identify how well current applications, protocols and online services interoperate with these technologies and to detect their potential failures. Our second goal is to use a stream-oriented flow query language NFQL, to formulate queries that can find those failures by scanning through traces of NetFlow records. We identified several applications that fail under NAT64, and we analyze how to detect these failures in an automated fashion.

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“…NAT64/DNS64 [4,5] is a tool suite intended to replace NAT-PT in a manner that addresses most of the concerns that led to its deprecation. A NAT64 device translates IPv4 packets into IPv6 packets and vice versa in a stateful manner, and DNS64 synthesizes AAAA resource records for domain names that only have A resource records available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The NAT64/DNS64 tool suite for IPv6 transition

2012

Self Cite

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It is clear that there is not enough time to upgrade existing Internet hosts to dual stack before the IPv4 address pool depletes. This implies that the IPv6 transition and co-existence must support interaction between IPv4 nodes and IPv6 nodes. In this article we describe NAT64 and DNS64, a tool suite that provides a way forward in the IPv4-to-IPv6 transition by allowing communication among unmodified IPv6 and IPv4 nodes.

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DNS64: DNS Extensions for Network Address Translation from IPv6 Clients to IPv4 Servers

Cited by 88 publications

References 7 publications

Test Program for the Performance Analysis of DNS64 Servers

Test Program for the Performance Analysis of DNS64 Servers

Flow-Based Identification of Failures Caused by IPv6 Transition Mechanisms

The NAT64/DNS64 tool suite for IPv6 transition

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