“…According to Ahmed (2010), a documentary method is applied in various fields, such as business, economics, communications, medicine, education, medicine, anthropology, political science, social work and sociology. However, few studies have been found to apply the documentary method in the general field of accounting, business and finance (Umar et al , 2021; Umar and Kurawa, 2021). Hence, our study provides an alternative way of examining not only CSR initiatives and activities of companies but also other areas of research in accounting and finance.…”