Do Affirmative Action Bans Lower Minority College Enrollment and Attainment?: Evidence from Statewide Bans

Backes, Ben

doi:10.1353/jhr.2012.0013

Cited by 72 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…A number of papers have estimated difference-in-differences models similar to the ones in this paper in order to study the effects of affirmative action bans, including Antman and Duncan (2015), Backes (2012), Blume and Long (2014), Hill (2016), and Hinrichs (2012Hinrichs ( , 2014.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These affirmative action bans have come through direct decisions of voters in Arizona, California, Michigan, Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Washington state; executive order in Florida; legislative action in New Hampshire; and, for a time, a federal court ruling in Texas. The growing body of research on affirmative action bans finds that that affirmative action bans reduce minority enrollment at selective colleges (Arcidiacono 2005, Backes 2012, Hinrichs 2012, Howell 2010, Long 2004b. 2 Meanwhile, the Supreme Court has considered the issue of whether affirmative action in college admissions is constitutional, as well as the related issue of whether it is constitutional for the voters of a state to ban affirmative action.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Affirmative Action and Racial Segregation

Hinrichs

2016

Working Paper (Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland)

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A number of states have recently prohibited the use of affi rmative action in admissions to public universities statewide. A growing body of research suggests that these affi rmative action bans reduce minority enrollment at selective colleges while leaving overall minority college enrollment rates unchanged. The effect of these bans on racial segregation across colleges has not yet been estimated directly and is theoretically ambiguous due to a U-shaped relationship between minority enrollment and college selectivity. This paper uses variation in the timing of affi rmative action bans across states to estimate their effects on racial segregation, as measured by exposure and dissimilarity indexes. The results suggest that affi rmative action bans have in some cases increased segregation across colleges but in others cases may have actually reduced it. In particular, early affi rmative action bans in states with highly selective public universities appear to be associated with more segregation, whereas other affi rmative action bans appear to be associated with less segregation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Affirmative Action and Racial Segregation

Hinrichs

2016

Working Paper (Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland)

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“…Recent studies supporting causal inferences have found that affirmative action bans have led to reductions in the first-year enrollment of students of color at public selective colleges and universities throughout the nation (see, e.g., Backes, 2012; Hinrichs, 2012; Espenshade & Chung, 2005). Hinrichs (2012), for example, found that bans on affirmative action in California, Florida, Texas, and Washington have led to a 1.74 percentage-point decline in the enrollment of African American students and a 2.03 percentage-point decline in the enrollment of Latino students at the most selective public institutions in the nation.…”

Section: Literature Review and Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the U.S. Supreme Court most recently preserved the right of postsecondary institutions to carefully implement race-conscious admissions practices to achieve the educational benefits of a racially and ethnically diverse student body ( Fisher v. University of Texas, 2013), laws in eight states—California, Washington, Florida, Michigan, Nebraska, Arizona, New Hampshire, and, most recently, Oklahoma—ban the practice. After bans on affirmative action were implemented in Texas, California, Washington, and Florida, researchers documented declines in these states in the admission and enrollment of students of color at selective undergraduate institutions (e.g., Backes, 2012; Hinrichs, 2012), in law schools (Kidder, 2003; Wightman, 1997), and in graduate fields of study (Garces, 2012, 2013). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial Diversity in the Medical Profession: The Impact of Affirmative Action Bans on Underrepresented Student of Color Matriculation in Medical Schools

Garces¹,

Mickey-Pabello²

2015

The Journal of Higher Education

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This study examines the impact of affirmative action bans in six states (California, Washington, Florida, Texas, Michigan, and Nebraska) on the matriculation rates of historically underrepresented students of color in public medical schools in these states. Findings show that affirmative action bans have led to about a 17% decline (from 18.5% to 15.3%) in the first-time matriculation of medical school students who are underrepresented students of color. This decline is similar to drops in the enrollment of students of color that have taken place across other educational sectors, including the nation’s most selective public undergraduate institutions, law schools, and various graduate fields of study, after bans on affirmative action were enacted in some of these states. The findings suggest that statewide laws banning the consideration of race in postsecondary admissions pose serious obstacles for the medical profession to address the health-care crisis facing the nation.

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“…Of these, only a handful use data from before and after a ban on affirmative action, with most focussing on academic achievement after college entry (see, for example, , Backes (2012), Cortes (2010) and Hinrichs (2012)). To our knowledge, only two previous studies have directly examined the effect of a ban on affirmative action on academic achievement prior to college entry, Furstenberg (2010) and Caldwell (2010).…”

Section: Related Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of banning affirmative action on human capital accumulation prior to college entry

Antonovics

Backes

2014

IZA J Labor Econ

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This paper examines how banning affirmative action in university admissions affects both overall academic achievement and the racial gap in academic achievement prior to college entry. Focusing on college-bound high school students, we use a difference-in-difference methodology to analyze the impact of the end of race-based affirmative action at the University of California in 1998 on both the overall level of SAT scores and high school GPA, and the racial gap in SAT scores and high school GPA. We find little evidence of either a decline in academic achievement or a widening of the racial gap in academic achievement after the ban. JEL codes: I21; I24

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Do Affirmative Action Bans Lower Minority College Enrollment and Attainment?: Evidence from Statewide Bans

Cited by 72 publications

References 10 publications

Affirmative Action and Racial Segregation

Affirmative Action and Racial Segregation

Racial Diversity in the Medical Profession: The Impact of Affirmative Action Bans on Underrepresented Student of Color Matriculation in Medical Schools

The effect of banning affirmative action on human capital accumulation prior to college entry

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