Do atmospheric teleconnection patterns explain variations and trends in thermal growing season parameters in Finland?

Irannezhad, Masoud; Kløve, Bjørn

doi:10.1002/joc.4311

Cited by 38 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Such statistical methods have broadly been used in previous studies investigating climate variability and trends (e.g. Tabari et al ., , Irannezhad and Kløve, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysing the variability and trends of precipitation extremes in Finland and their connection to atmospheric circulation patterns

Irannezhad

Chen

Kløve

et al. 2017

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Ten precipitation indices recommended by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices were used to analyse spatial distribution and temporal changes in annual amount, intensity, frequency and duration of precipitation statistics based on daily data with a focus on extremes in Finland during 1961–2011. Also, the connections between these high resolution (10 km) precipitation indices and six influential atmospheric circulation patterns (ACPs) for climate variability in Finland were studied. On the country scale, the results suggest significant increases in the amount and intensity of precipitation extremes, more precipitation days, and no clear changes in wet and dry spells. Both intensity and frequency of precipitation extremes over Finland decrease from south and southwest to north. The only exception is the distribution of precipitations days which is generally more frequent over eastern and upper areas of northern Finland. Wet (dry) spells were typically longer in the western (eastern) part of Finland. Significant increases in annual total wet‐day precipitation, very wet days precipitation and simple daily intensity index were found over most parts of Finland during 1961–2011. Increasing trends in both extremely wet days and maximum 1‐day precipitation were mostly observed in western, eastern, central and northern Finland. Such spatial pattern was also identified for significant increases in the frequency of heavy and very heavy precipitation days. The precipitation days increased over small parts of western, eastern and northern Finland. Wet spells showed lengthening trends in several grids over southwestern Finland, while dry spells lengthened in some areas over the entire country except southern parts. These variations in precipitation statistics were found to be significantly correlated with the East Atlantic/West Russia, East Atlantic, Scandinavia and Polar patterns.

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“…Such statistical methods have broadly been used in previous studies investigating climate variability and trends (e.g. Tabari et al ., , Irannezhad and Kløve, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysing the variability and trends of precipitation extremes in Finland and their connection to atmospheric circulation patterns

Irannezhad

Chen

Kløve

et al. 2017

Intl Journal of Climatology

Self Cite

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“…Additional complementary measurements, including OMD, leaf proportion, LAI, SPAD, SLA and total sward height, are shown in Table S1. (Irannezhad & Kløve, 2015). (Irannezhad & Kløve, 2015).…”

Section: Re Sultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of nitrogen application rate on productivity, nutritive value and winter tolerance of timothy and meadow fescue cultivars

Termonen

Korhonen

Kykkänen

et al. 2020

Grass and Forage Science

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In Finland, there seems to be a substantial amount of unutilized production capacity in grassland cultivation that can, and should, be better used in the future. Ley farming is generally based on three-year leys, harvested two or three times per year for silage. Timothy and meadow fescue are the two most common species used in forage grass production in Finland. Nitrogen (N) is the most important nutrient in yield formation of grasses. Dry matter (DM) yield responses of perennial cool-season grasses to fertilizer N generally range from 20 to 25 kg DM ha -1 year -1 kg -1 N (Hopkins, 2000), with greater incremental responses at lower N rates, that is curvilinear relationship between N rates and DM production. High N rates late in the growing season have promoted vegetative growth instead of hardening processes, which has led to increased overwintering damages in cold regions and, consequently, enhanced the curvilinearity of the relationship (Huokuna Abstract Finnish N fertilizer application regulations for forage grasses are based on field experiments mainly conducted in the 1960-1970s with cultivars and management practices typical of the time. In order to update the yield response function of N, to make it better suited to current grassland farming, field experiments were conducted at two sites in 2015-2017 with two cultivars of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and one of meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.). Dry matter (DM) yield, nutritive value and N balance were evaluated, with N application levels 0, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400 and 450 kg N ha −1 year −1 . The grasses were harvested three times per season. The dataindicate that the DM yield response was significantly stronger, and N was used more efficiently for DM production than earlier without compromising the nutritive value, especially during the first two years. The third harvest produced on average 23% of the annual yield, utilizing N efficiently. N application rates below 350 kg N ha −1 year −1 did not cause substantial overwintering losses or lodging. The data indicate that with changing climate and improved cultivars and management practices, there is a need to modify the rates and timing of N application. The results suggest that N application levels could be increased by at least 50 kg N ha −1 year −1 from the current maximum accepted rate (250 kg N ha −1 year −1 ) without too high NO 3 or CP concentrations in feed, or too high N balance that indicates increasing risk of N leaching.

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“…That study used the same definition of wintertime duration as the present study. Wintertime shortening can cause the thermal growing season (continuous period with temperature >5 ∘ C) to lengthen by several days, as observed in Finland (Carter, 1998;Irannezhad and Kløve, 2015), due to later autumns combined with earlier springs. In boreal environments, these changes influence the hydrological cycle, with e.g.…”

Section: Duration Start and End Daysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wintertime climate factors controlling snow resource decline in Finland

2015

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Numerous studies have reported significant declines in snow resources in Finland and elsewhere during the 20th century. To identify the main climate factors controlling these declines in Finland, this study evaluated long‐term variations and trends in wintertime climate, snowpack hydrological processes (SHPs) and continuous snow cover duration (CSCD), and their links to atmospheric circulation patterns (ACPs). Analyses were conducted using observed daily climatological time series and simulated SHPs at three stations in southern (Kaisaniemi), central (Kajaani) and northern (Sodankylä) Finland with about 100 years of data. The Mann‐Kendall nonparametric test was used to detect significant trends, the Pearson's coefficient (r) to identify relationships within snow‐related variables, and Spearman's coefficient (ρ) to measure correlations of these variables with ACPs. Sensitivity of the snow‐related variables with projected changes in temperature and precipitation was assessed. The results showed increases in wintertime temperature only at Kaisaniemi, but decreases in wintertime precipitation, snowfall and snow water equivalent (SWE) and shorter CSCD at all stations. In general, variations in wintertime temperature were positively associated with the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). However, wintertime precipitation showed significant relationships with the East Atlantic/West Russia (EA/WR), AO and West Pacific (WP) patterns in southern, central and northern Finland, respectively. SHPs and CSCD in southern Finland were associated with the same ACP influencing wintertime temperature (AO), and those in central and northern areas with the patterns influencing wintertime precipitation (EA, EA/WR and AO). Thus, declines in snow resources in Finland are mainly the result of reductions in snowfall owing to both wintertime warming and decreased precipitation at Kaisaniemi, while only to decreases in wintertime precipitation at Kajaani and Sodankylä stations. However, increase in precipitation (up to 30%) plays an important role in offsetting effects of temperature warming (up to 4 °C) on snow resource decline in Finland.

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Do atmospheric teleconnection patterns explain variations and trends in thermal growing season parameters in Finland?

Cited by 38 publications

References 76 publications

Analysing the variability and trends of precipitation extremes in Finland and their connection to atmospheric circulation patterns

Analysing the variability and trends of precipitation extremes in Finland and their connection to atmospheric circulation patterns

Effects of nitrogen application rate on productivity, nutritive value and winter tolerance of timothy and meadow fescue cultivars

Wintertime climate factors controlling snow resource decline in Finland

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