1945
DOI: 10.2307/4079964
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Do Birds Cross the Gulf of Mexico in Spring?

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Cited by 21 publications
(11 citation statements)
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“…Cooke's explanation of the few data available remained undisputed for nearly half a century, although distributional data far in excess of those available in Cooke's time were accumulated. When Williams (1945) challenged Cooke's trans-Gulf theory, he was considered as something of a heretic (see Lincoln's preface to Lowery 1946). Williams attacked the hypothesis on two points.…”
Section: Historymentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Cooke's explanation of the few data available remained undisputed for nearly half a century, although distributional data far in excess of those available in Cooke's time were accumulated. When Williams (1945) challenged Cooke's trans-Gulf theory, he was considered as something of a heretic (see Lincoln's preface to Lowery 1946). Williams attacked the hypothesis on two points.…”
Section: Historymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Figure 2 shows a migration pathway for a population of "typical" eastern Nearctic migrants that winter in Central America, as reconstructed from the comparisons shown in Table 1. From this figure it is possible to understand how Lowery (1946) and Williams (1945) could have come to adopt apparently opposing theories concerning the form of this route: from Texas the circum-Gulf aspect is obvious, while from Louisiana the trans-Gulf aspect is clear.…”
Section: Comparisons Of Migration Volume: Texas Veracruz Louisiana mentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Cranes were once recorded at an altitude of 15,000 feet, while the lapwing was the bird most frequently seen at high levels, 8,500 feet being its greatest recorded altitude. Records of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics Administration show that over two-thirds of all the bird-aircraft collisions occur below 2,000 feet and practically none occur above 6,000 feet (Williams 1950).…”
Section: Altitude Of Flight and Migrationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Lincoln 1935). It was, however, heavily criticised by Williams (1945Williams ( , 1947Williams ( , 1950, mainly because there was abundant evidence for migration round the Gulf, through Mexico or across the West Indies, but extremely little evidence that migrants regularly travel over the open Gulf itself. Further, spring migrants are remarkably scarce in the Gulf states, and Williams attributed their occasional appearance there in large numbers with a cold front in spring to their travelling down-wind with the front from a long way inland.…”
Section: Grounded Night-migrantsmentioning
confidence: 99%