Do boys eat better than girls in India? Longitudinal evidence on dietary diversity and food consumption disparities among children and adolescents

Aurino, Elisabetta

doi:10.1016/j.ehb.2016.10.007

Cited by 121 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Another explanation, which was not mentioned by any of these studies and can only be shown by including individual dietary intakes, may relate to pro‐male food allocation processes in which girls are allocated fewer micronutrient‐rich foods than boys. Data from the Young Lives cohort point toward such a pro‐boy gap, showing how “disparities between mid‐adolescent boys and girls are driven by the increased likelihood of boys to consume protein‐ and vitamin‐rich foods” (p. 109) …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio‐cultural and economic determinants and consequences of adolescent undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies in LLMICs: a systematic narrative review

Madjdian

Azupogo

Osendarp

et al. 2018

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Adolescent undernutrition is a persisting public health problem in low and lower middle income countries (LLMICs). Nutritional trajectories are complexly interrelated with socio-cultural and economic (SCE) trajectories. However, a synthesis of the SCE determinants or consequences of undernutrition in adolescents is lacking. We undertook a narrative review of published literature to provide a narrative overview of the SCE determinants and consequences associated with undernutrition among adolescents in LLMICs. We identified 98 articles from PubMed, SCOPUS, and CAB-Abstracts on determinants and consequences of undernutrition as defined by stunting, underweight, thinness, and micronutrient deficiencies. At the individual level, significant determinants included age, sex, birth order, religion, ethnicity, educational and literacy level, working status, and marital status. At the household level, parental education and occupation, household size and composition, income, socioeconomic status, and resources were associated with undernutrition. Only a few determinants at the community/environmental level, including residence, sanitation, school type, and seasonality, were identified. The consequences of adolescent undernutrition were mostly related to education and cognition. This review underscores the importance of the broad range of context-specific SCE factors at several levels that influence adolescent nutritional status and shows that further research on SCE consequences of undernutrition is needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio‐cultural and economic determinants and consequences of adolescent undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies in LLMICs: a systematic narrative review

Madjdian

Azupogo

Osendarp

et al. 2018

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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“…vi Aurino (2016) using the same dataset as this paper (but without the fourth round when children were 19)…”

Section: Household Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stunting later in childhood and outcomes as a young adult: Evidence from India

Himaz

2018

World Development

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This paper looks at patterns of growth faltering and catch up of around 1000 children as they moved from 8 to 19 years of age, from middle childhood through adolescence to young adulthood, using Height for Age Difference (HAD) and the more conventional Height for age z-scores (HAZ). It also looks at what individual and household characteristics may have moved these children into or out of situations of nutritional deprivation and how their stunting profile in later childhood correlates with psychosocial outcomes at age 19 and how it may have intergenerational consequences. The paper uses 4 rounds of longitudinal data collected in 2002, 2006, 2009 and 2013 from Andhra Pradesh and Telengana, India when the children were aged 8, 12, 15 and 19. The paper finds that there are significant gender based biases in growth faltering later in childhood disfavouring girls and that becoming newly stunted as an adolescent is strongly correlated with a child reporting to have poorer relationships with peers compared to the group that were never stunted. We also find that a girl experiencing stunting in middle childhood or adolescence (even if they were not stunted at age 8 or eventually moved out of being stunted by age 19) correlates significantly with offspring being shorter and thinner than the offspring of girls never stunted. This is one of few, if any, studies that look at growth patterns in middle childhood and adolescence and outcomes as a young adult and the results are important for their implications for further research and policy.

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“…Longitudinal data in a survey from India show that dietary diversity is lower in girls than boys at most ages, and the female disadvantage is largest in adolescence [14]. A review of 63 studies on macronutrient intake in adolescent girls found that global protein intake was adequate (mean ± SD = 58 ± 17 g/day), except among older adolescents living in Africa (mean ± SD = 39 ± 3 g/day) [15].…”

Section: Nutritional Requirements and Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescent Undernutrition: Global Burden, Physiology, and Nutritional Risks

2018

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Background: Adolescents, comprised of 10–19 year olds, form the largest generation of young people in our history. There are an estimated 1.8 billion adolescents in the world, with 90% residing in low- and middle-income countries. The burden of disease among adolescents has its origins in infectious and injury-related causes, but nutritional deficiencies, suboptimal linear growth, and undernutrition are major public health problems, even as overweight may be on the rise in many contexts. Summary and Key Messages: Girls are most vulnerable to the influences of cultural and gender norms, which often discriminate against them. Dietary patterns and physical activity, in addition to schooling and countervailing social norms for early marriage, influence health and nutritional well-being of adolescents. Nutrient requirements – including those for energy, protein, iron, calcium, and others – increase in adolescence to support adequate growth and development. In settings where dietary intakes are suboptimal, anemia and micronutrient deficiencies are high. Endocrine factors are essential for promoting normal adolescent growth and are sensitive to undernutrition. Growth velocity increases during puberty when peak height velocity occurs and catch-up is possible; in girls, about 15–25% of adult height is attained. A premature pregnancy can halt linear growth and increase the risk of adverse birth outcomes. Research is needed to fill the huge data gaps related to nutrition and growth during adolescence, in addition to testing interventions during this second window of opportunity to enhance growth and development, improve human capital, and to end the intergenerational cycle of growth failure.

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Do boys eat better than girls in India? Longitudinal evidence on dietary diversity and food consumption disparities among children and adolescents

Cited by 121 publications

References 38 publications

Socio‐cultural and economic determinants and consequences of adolescent undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies in LLMICs: a systematic narrative review

Socio‐cultural and economic determinants and consequences of adolescent undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies in LLMICs: a systematic narrative review

Stunting later in childhood and outcomes as a young adult: Evidence from India

Adolescent Undernutrition: Global Burden, Physiology, and Nutritional Risks

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