Do breast cancer risk factors modify the association between hormone therapy and mammographic breast density? (United States)

Aiello, Erin J.; Buist, Diana S.M.; White, Emily

doi:10.1007/s10552-006-0073-z

Cited by 18 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Estrogen along with progesterone is hypothesized to increase mammographic breast density. This hypothesis is consistent with the observed influence of postmenopausal hormone therapy on breast density; estrogen with progestin significantly increases breast density, whereas estrogen alone does not (5)(6)(7)(8). It follows that mammographic density should be higher in the luteal phase, which may decrease mammographic sensitivity (4).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Mammographic Breast Density, Dense Area, and Breast Area Differences by Phase in the Menstrual Cycle

Buist¹,

Aiello²,

Miglioretti³

2006

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Background: Mammographic breast density may be greater in the luteal phase (days 15-30) than the follicular phase (days 1-14) of the menstrual cycle; this may have implications for when mammography screening should occur. Objective: Examine whether percent breast density, breast area, or dense area differ by menstrual phase. Methods: We identified 204 premenopausal women with regular periods who were <55 years (mean = 45.0 years) and had two screening mammograms within 9 to 18 months, with one screening between days 9 and 14, and one screening between days 22 and 35 of the menstrual cycle. We measured percent breast density, breast area, and dense area using the Cumulus software. We used linear regression to test for differences in breast density, breast area, and dense area from follicular to luteal phase, adjusting for change in weight and time between exams.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Mammographic Breast Density, Dense Area, and Breast Area Differences by Phase in the Menstrual Cycle

Buist¹,

Aiello²,

Miglioretti³

2006

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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“…This may suggest that estrogen has a stronger influence than progesterone on the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Previously published studies have found that postmenopausal hormone therapy, nulliparity, and late-onset pregnancies were associated with increased mammographic density (20)(21)(22)(23). These hormone-related factors were also found to be associated with ER+ /PR+ tumors (24,25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Background Parenchymal Enhancement and Fibroglandular Tissue Proportion on Breast MRI: Correlation with Hormone Receptor Expression and Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer

et al. 2017

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IntroductionBreast cancer is the most common malignancy of women with a life-time risk up to 12% in USA (1). It is the second most common cause of death from cancer in women (2). In recent years, advancement in the knowledge of the biology of breast cancer has contributed to better understanding the nature of the disease. For therapeutic reasons, breast cancer is divided into four different molecular subtypes using molecular biomarkers: estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), and human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2). Four molecular subtypes are identified: Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2 positive, and Triple Negative (3). Different subtypes present with distinct epidemiological risk factors, distinct disease prognoses, and different responses to systemic and local therapy (4)(5)(6)(7)(8). This knowledge has opened a new door in disease management toward personalized therapy. For example, luminal A cancers require hormonotherapy whereas triple negative tumors respond better to chemotherapy (3). Trastuzumab, which is directed against the HER2-neu receptor, is considered in the treatment of HER2 positive tumors (3). Luminal A and luminal B subtypes are more likely to develop bone metastases whereas triple negative subtypes are more likely to develop lung and brain metastases (9).Breast MRI is a common diagnostic tool in the management of breast diseases. It can be used for screening in a high-risk population, for determining the disease extent, or for problem solving to contribute in discordant results of mammography, ultrasonography or clinical findings. FGT proportion, which refers to the proportion of FGT to fat tissue of the breast, and BPE, which refers to the enhancement of normal breast parenchyma after contrast agent administration, are two imaging features of breast MRI. Breast density which reflects FGT composition is a well-known risk factor for breast malignancy. Women having a high amount of FGT content are also more likely to develop breast cancer (10). Similarly, a recent study reported that moderate or marked BPE is associated with a greater risk of developing breast cancer than minimal or mild BPE (11). Considering those known risk factors and the spectrum of breast cancers, one may suspect that FGT proportion and BPE of the same molecular subtypes may have some common properties. Breast Health 2017; 13: 27-33 DOI: 10.5152/tjbh.2016.3247 27 ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the relationship between background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) and fibroglandular tissue (FGT) proportion on breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and hormone receptor expression and molecular subtypes in invasive breast cancer. Materials and Methods:This retrospective study enrolled 75 breast cancer patients who underwent breast MRI before treatment. T1-weighted images were reviewed to determine the FGT proportion, and contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed T1-weighted images were reviewed to determine BPE. Estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor 2-neu (HER2) status, and mole...

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“…Postmenopausal hormone therapy (12,34,35), nulliparity, and late-onset pregnancies (36,37) have been associated previously with increased mammographic density. These hormone-related factors may increase breast cancer risk through a pathway that includes increased mammographic density.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is There a Difference in the Association between Percent Mammographic Density and Subtypes of Breast Cancer? Luminal A and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Luo

Press

et al. 2009

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Background: Mammographic density is a potentially modifiable risk factor for breast cancer. To what extent mammographic density is a predictor for both hormone receptor-positive and hormone receptor-negative tumors is unclear. Even less is known about whether mammographic density predicts subtypes of breast cancer defined by expression status of the three receptors: estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2). Methods: We estimated the association of percent mammographic density with subtypes of invasive breast cancer among 479 population-based female breast cancer patients and 376 control subjects ages 35 to 64 years. The expression status of ER, PR, and HER-2 was assessed using immunohistochemistry methods in a single laboratory. We considered ER+ or PR+ plus HER-2-tumors as luminal A breast cancer and ER-/PR-/

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Do breast cancer risk factors modify the association between hormone therapy and mammographic breast density? (United States)

Abstract: HT, particularly EPT, may reduce protective effects of older age, parity, and younger age at first birth on mammographic density.

Cited by 18 publications

References 40 publications

Mammographic Breast Density, Dense Area, and Breast Area Differences by Phase in the Menstrual Cycle

Mammographic Breast Density, Dense Area, and Breast Area Differences by Phase in the Menstrual Cycle

Background Parenchymal Enhancement and Fibroglandular Tissue Proportion on Breast MRI: Correlation with Hormone Receptor Expression and Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer

Is There a Difference in the Association between Percent Mammographic Density and Subtypes of Breast Cancer? Luminal A and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

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