Do breastfed children have a lower chance of developing mouth breathing? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Savian, Cristiane Medianeira; Bolsson, Gabriela Bohrer; Botton, Graziela; Antoniazzi, Raquel Pippi; Rocha, Rachel de Oliveira; Zanatta, Fabrício Batistin; Santos, Bianca Zimmermann

doi:10.1007/s00784-021-03791-1

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…In the present study, the prevalence of mouth breathing found in the CP group (60%), was greater than that found in the control group (11,7%) and this difference was statistically signi cant (P < 0.0001), these results are Consistent with the ndings of the study in Brazil, showed that the prevalence of mouth breathing in the sample was 56.8% of the sample studied (21). A similar study conducted by Savian et al, which showed the prevalence of mouth breathing was 44%, these results are Consistent with the our ndings (22). In this study, children with Cerebral Palsy had remarkably high frequencies of tongue thrust (36.7%) when compared to control group of healthy children.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Comparison of the Prevalence of Malocclusion and Oral Habits Between Children with Cerebral Palsy and Healthy Children

Almotareb

Al-Shamahy

2023

Preprint

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Background Cerebral palsy (CP) represents for children an important problem of health and affects roughly 2 per 1000 live births and is the most common pediatric developmental motor disability. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence, type and severity of malocclusion and oral habits in children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) and to compare them with a control group of healthy children in Sana’a city. Material and Methods A prospective, case–control study was made of two groups, a cerebral palsy and a control group. The study population consisted of 60 children who had CP, and a control group of 60 matched children who had no known physical or mental handicap. Data were collected using a questionnaire and assessment for malocclusion was done clinically. The patients were compared with equal number of age-matched controls. The inclusion criteria were individuals aged over 6 years; absence of previous orthodontic treatment; no missing permanent first molars Results Results showed an increased prevalence of malocclusion in children with cerebral palsy. Molar class II relationship was statistically higher in cerebral palsy children than healthy control (P = 0.001). Cerebral palsied children are likely to have a significantly increased protrusion of the anterior teeth (P < 0.001) when compared with normal children. Mouth breathing and Tongue thrust. Habits were significantly higher in the CP group (p = 0.0001) when compared with normal children. Conclusion The prevalence of malocclusion was higher in children with Cerebral palsy than in normal children, and the present study concludes that in children with Cerebral Palsy, more oral Habits problems due to oral motor dysfunctions are common and problems of mouth breathing and Tongue thrust produce different malocclusion and poor oral hygiene complications in these children.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Comparison of the Prevalence of Malocclusion and Oral Habits Between Children with Cerebral Palsy and Healthy Children

Almotareb

Al-Shamahy

2023

Preprint

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“…In the present study, the prevalence of mouth breathing found in the CP group (60%), was greater than that found in the control group (11, 7%) and this difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.0001), these results are Consistent with the findings of the study in Brazil, showed that the prevalence of mouth breathing in the sample was 56.8% of the sample studied [ 25 ]. A similar study conducted by Savian et al, which showed the prevalence of mouth breathing was 44%, these results are Consistent with the findings [ 26 ]. In this study, children with Cerebral Palsy had remarkably high frequencies of tongue thrust (36.7%) when compared to control group of healthy children.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Comparison of the prevalence of malocclusion and oral habits between children with cerebral palsy and healthy children

Almotareb,

Al-Shamahy

2024

BMC Oral Health

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Background Cerebral palsy (CP) represents for children an important problem of health and affects roughly 2 per 1000 live births and is the most common pediatric developmental motor disability. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence, type and severity of malocclusion and oral habits in children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) and to compare them with a control group of healthy children in Sana’a city. Materials and methods A prospective, case–control study was made of two groups, a cerebral palsy and a control group. The study population consisted of 60 children who had CP, and a control group of 60 matched children with no physical or mental disabilities. Data were collected using a questionnaire and assessment for malocclusion was done clinically. The patients were compared with equal number of age-matched controls. The inclusion criteria were individuals aged over 6 years; absence of previous orthodontic treatment; no missing permanent first molars. Results Results showed an increased prevalence of malocclusion in children with cerebral palsy. Molar class II relationship was statistically higher in cerebral palsy children than healthy control (P = 0.001). Cerebral palsied children are likely to have a significantly increased protrusion of the anterior teeth (P < 0.001) when compared with normal children. Mouth breathing and Tongue thrust. Habits were significantly higher in the CP group (p = 0.0001) when compared with normal children. Conclusion The prevalence of malocclusion was higher in children with Cerebral palsy than in normal children, and the present study concludes that in children with Cerebral Palsy, more oral Habits problems due to oral motor dysfunctions are common and problems of mouth breathing and Tongue thrust produce different malocclusion and poor oral hygiene complications in these children.

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“…Our study did not show a relationship between the length of breastfeeding and open mouth sleeping. This is opposite to the results of a meta-analysis conducted by Savian et al, indicating a possible protective effect against the occurrence of mouth breathing [39]. A study by Lopes et al indicated that an increased duration of breastfeeding increases the likelihood of developing a normal breathing pattern in 2.5-to 4-year-old children [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Impact of Breastfeeding Duration on Adenoid Hypertrophy, Snoring and Acute Otitis Media: A Case-Control Study in Preschool Children

Zwierz,

Domagalski,

Masna

et al. 2023

JCM

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Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between breastfeeding duration and adenoid size, snoring and acute otitis media (AOM). Methods: We analyzed the medical history of children admitted to the ENT outpatient clinic in 2022 and 2023, reported symptoms, ear, nose and throat (ENT) examination, and flexible nasopharyngoscopy examination of 145 children aged 3–5 years. Results: Breastfeeding duration of 3 and 6 months or more had a significant effect on the reduction of snoring (p = 0.021; p = 0.039). However, it had no effect on the adenoid size, mucus coverage and sleeping with an open mouth. Snoring was correlated with open mouth sleeping (p < 0.001), adenoid size with a 75% A/C ratio or more (p < 0.001), and adenoid mucus coverage in the Mucus of Adenoid Scale by Nasopharyngoscopy Assessment—MASNA scale (p = 0.009). Children who were breastfed for less than 3 months had more than a four-fold greater risk of snoring. There was a statistically significant correlation between AOM and gender (p = 0.033), breastfeeding duration in groups fed 1, 3 or 6 months or more (p = 0.018; p = 0.004; p = 0.004) and those fed with mother’s breast milk 3 or 6 months or more (p = 0.009; p = 0.010). Moreover, a correlation was found between adenoid size and mucus coverage, tympanogram, and open-mouth sleeping (p < 0.001). Independent factors of snoring in 3- to 5-year-old children were breastfeeding duration of less than 3 months (p = 0.032), adenoid size with an A/C ratio of 75% or more (p = 0.023) and open mouth sleeping (p = 0.001). Conclusions: Children breastfed for 3 and 6 months or more exhibited reduced rates of snoring. There was no effect of breastfeeding duration on adenoid size in children aged 3 to 5 years, suggesting that the link between breastfeeding duration and snoring is primarily associated with craniofacial development and muscle tone stimulation. A breastfeeding duration of 1 month or more plays a key role in reducing the rate of AOM. The mother’s milk plays a protective role against AOM. The presence of mucus might be responsible for snoring in preschool children. A medical history of breastfeeding should be taken into consideration when snoring children are suspected of adenoid hypertrophy.

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Do breastfed children have a lower chance of developing mouth breathing? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 14 publications

References 52 publications

Comparison of the Prevalence of Malocclusion and Oral Habits Between Children with Cerebral Palsy and Healthy Children

Comparison of the Prevalence of Malocclusion and Oral Habits Between Children with Cerebral Palsy and Healthy Children

Comparison of the prevalence of malocclusion and oral habits between children with cerebral palsy and healthy children

Impact of Breastfeeding Duration on Adenoid Hypertrophy, Snoring and Acute Otitis Media: A Case-Control Study in Preschool Children

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