Do capital structure and cash holding expropriate minority shareholders? A case of non-financial concentrated firms in Pakistan

Abstract

Purpose One aspect of agency theory suggests that dominant shareholders use the firm’s assets for their personal benefits and 1thus expropriate minority shareholders (tunneling). Accordingly, this paper aims to examine the effect of capital structure and cash holding decisions on minority shareholders' expropriation for short and long periods. Design/methodology/approach Data of 16 years (2000-2015) has been obtained from 200 non-financial firms registered at Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). The study used fixed effect and autoregressive distributed lagged to obtain the results. Findings The results suggest that the presence of more debts in capital structure is positively associated with minority shareholders' expropriation, whereas a negative association has been found between the level of cash holding and minority shareholders expropriation. These results have been observed as significant both for the short and long run. Research limitations/implications This study also suggests some important measures to control minority shareholders' expropriation by the dominant shareholders and thus to protect their rights. Originality/value There is a lack of literature for this severe issue in the developing countries especially Pakistan, so this study narrates the potential measures to the regulatory authority of the market to curb tunneling and to protect minority shareholders.

Cash holdings, struktur modal, dan ekspropriasi: political connection dan efektivitas dewan komisaris sebagai moderator

“…Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, pemegang saham mayoritas memengaruhi pengambilan keputusan terkait sumber permodalan perusahaan (Zhang, 2011). Alim et al (2020) menyebutkan bahwa perusahaan yang memilih sumber pendanaan dari hutang cenderung berperilaku yang mengarah pada praktik ekspropriasi. Hutang tidak digunakan untuk memberikan kontribusi pada nilai perusahaan, tetapi digunakan untuk mengamankan keuntungan pemegang saham mayoritas dengan mengorbankan pemegang saham minoritas.…”

“…Paligorova & Xu (2012) menemukan bahwa pembiayaan hutang hanya ditujukan untuk membangun kekayaan pribadi dan tidak ada kegunaan lain darinya. Hal ini dikuatkan oleh pengujian yang dilakukan Alim et al (2020) dan Bai, Lin, Wang, & Wu (2013) yang menyimpulkan bahwa adanya hutang yang lebih banyak dalam struktur modal menjadi indikasi terjadinya praktik ekspropriasi oleh pemegang saham mayoritas, sehingga hipotesis penelitian ini adalah:…”