Do Cash Transfers Improve Birth Outcomes? Evidence from Matched Vital Statistics, and Program and Social Security Data

Amarante, Verónica; Manacorda, Marco; Miguel, Edward; Vigorito, Andrea

doi:10.1257/pol.20140344

Cited by 55 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…There is also evidence that conditional cash transfers in developing countries can improve birth outcomes (Barber and Gertler 2008;Amarante et al 2012). While not examining income per se, related work explores the impact of maternal education (Currie and Moretti 2003;McCrary and Royer 2011), layoffs (Lindo 2011), and recessions (Dehejia and Lleras-Muney 2004) on infant health.…”

Section: The Eitc and Infant Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Income, the Earned Income Tax Credit, and Infant Health

Hoynes¹,

Miller

Simon³

2015

American Economic Journal: Economic Policy

395

412

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Section: The Eitc and Infant Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Income, the Earned Income Tax Credit, and Infant Health

Hoynes¹,

Miller

Simon³

2015

American Economic Journal: Economic Policy

395

412

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“…There is evidence that household income and maternal nutrition during pregnancy, especially in the last trimester, and the disease environment during pregnancy affect the incidence of low birthweight through IUGR (see for example Almond 2006, Almond and Mazumder, 2011, Amarante et al 2014, Rocha and Soares 2015. Smoking is also a significant predictor of low birthweight (Almond et al 2005).…”

Section: Maternal Stress Violence and Birth Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We measure trimesters of pregnancy starting from the date of conception (as in Amarante et al 2014). As explained in the previous section, we recover the latter based on the child's date of birth minus the length of gestation.…”

Section: Econometric Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Violence and birth outcomes: Evidence from homicides in Brazil

Koppensteiner

Manacorda

2016

Journal of Development Economics

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This paper uses microdata from Brazilian natality and mortality vital statistics between 2000 and 2010 to estimate the impact of in-utero exposure to local violence -measured by homicide rates -on birth outcomes. The estimates shows that exposure to violence during the first trimester of pregnancy leads to a small but precisely estimated increase in the risk of low birthweight and prematurity. Effects are found in both rural areas, where homicides are rare, and in urban areas, where violence is endemic. Our estimates imply that homicides in Brazil are responsible for at least 0.5 percent of the incidence of low birthweight (<=2.5 kg) and 3 percent of the incidence of extremely low birthweight (<=1 kg).

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“…One reason for the relative dearth of empirical evidence in this area is that changes in mortality are unlikely to be detected using household surveys due to the low prevalence of these events, requiring instead large, population level data sources such as the national health systems and census data we use here. Moreover, the evidence to date in Latin America comes predominantly from programs that provide large and sustained income transfers such as Progresa in Mexico (Barham 2011), Bolsa Familia in Brasil (Rasella et al 2013) and PANES in Uruguay (Amarante et al 2016). Our results indicate that even small transfers linked to specific care-seeking events can have large health impacts, with important cost-effectiveness implications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…8 There is evidence that transfers that do not condition on behavior or do not monitor the compliance with the announced requirements can have positive health effects on children. See Amarante et al (2016) and for a discussion. Black et al (2014) also find effects of pure subsidies on academic outcomes of children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paying Patients for Prenatal Care: The Effect of a Small Cash Transfer on Stillbirths and Survival

Martínez¹,

Celhay²,

Vidal³

et al. 2017

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work is licensed under a Creative Commons IGO 3.0 AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivatives (CC-IGO BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGO) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/igo/ legalcode) and may be reproduced with attribution to the IDB and for any non-commercial purpose, as provided below. No derivative work is allowed.Any dispute related to the use of the works of the IDB that cannot be settled amicably shall be submitted to arbitration pursuant to the UNCITRAL rules. The use of the IDB's name for any purpose other than for attribution, and the use of IDB's logo shall be subject to a separate written license agreement between the IDB and the user and is not authorized as part of this CC-IGO license.Following a peer review process, and with previous written consent by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), a revised version of this work may also be reproduced in any academic journal, including those indexed by the American Economic Association's EconLit, provided that the IDB is credited and that the author(s) receive no income from the publication. Therefore, the restriction to receive income from such publication shall only extend to the publication's author(s). With regard to such restriction, in case of any inconsistency between the Creative Commons IGO 3.0 Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives license and these statements, the latter shall prevail.Note that link provided above includes additional terms and conditions of the license.The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Inter-American Development Bank, its Board of Directors, or the countries they represent. Abstract:We study the effects of conditional cash transfers to pregnant women on stillbirths and child survival in Bolivia. Payments are conditional on compliance with medically recommended prenatal care and skilled birth attendance. At a value equivalent to just 1% of monthly household consumption, the payments are the smallest amongst national cash transfer programs in Latin America. Using multiple data sources and empirical methods, we show that the intervention reduced the average rate of stillbirths by 9.5% to 22.3%, and increased the survival rates of birth cohorts exposed to the program by 3.5% to 16.8%. The causal pathways of these effects are consistent with evidence of increased utilization of recommended health care services, including early initiation of prenatal care (17%), at least four prenatal visits (16%), and skilled birth attendance (15%). Given the modest transfer amounts and considerable effects on health care utilization, we posit that final health outcomes are likely driven by the health care conditionality, rather than an income effect. The intervention is highly cost-effective, at $184.54 per DALY averted, making the program's pay-per-compliance design a promising policy alternative.JEL codes: H51, I12, I38, J18, O15.

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Do Cash Transfers Improve Birth Outcomes? Evidence from Matched Vital Statistics, and Program and Social Security Data

Cited by 55 publications

References 62 publications

Income, the Earned Income Tax Credit, and Infant Health

Income, the Earned Income Tax Credit, and Infant Health

Violence and birth outcomes: Evidence from homicides in Brazil

Paying Patients for Prenatal Care: The Effect of a Small Cash Transfer on Stillbirths and Survival

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