Do Children Behave Better When Parents’ Emotion Coaching Practices are Stimulated? A Micro-Trial Study

Externalizing behavior from early childhood to adolescence: Prediction from inhibition, language, parenting, and attachment

“…This is very useful for practitioners who work with clinically referred children for whom caregivers seek help. It provides them with several hypotheses with regard to the etiology of children's behavioral problems and several therapeutic solutions for those problems (Roskam et al, 2016). In particular, our results offer some support for ecological intervention taking into account both the child and the caregiving environment, as opposed to individual intervention settings focusing on the child exclusively.…”

“…Support for this model has been provided by meta-analytic research (Fearon, Bakermans-Kranenburg, van IJzendoorn, Lapsley, & Roisman, 2010;Hoeve et al, 2012), and longitudinal prospective studies (Pauli-Pott, Haverkock, Pott, & Beckmann, 2007;Smeekens, Riksen-Walraven, & Van Bakel, 2009) All of these models are interesting, because they provide suggestions for prevention and intervention. Unlike other factors associated with EB, such as personality (Prinzie et al, 2005), gender (Miner & Clarke-Stewart, 2008), or intelligence (Petersen et al, 2015), inhibition, language, parenting, and attachment can be targeted and improved through interventions (Bakermans-Kranenburg, van IJzendoorn, & Juffer, 2003;Roskam, et al, 2016). The aim of the current research was to predict EB trajectory from inhibition, language, coercive parenting, and attachment security among clinically referred children from age 3 to age 14.…”

Emotion Socialization during Emerging Adulthood

“…Moreover, an intervention, Tuning into Kids/Teens, which has focused on teaching parents emotion-coaching skills, has shown to not only improve parents' emotion socialization abilities but also reduce problem-behavior and improve emotion knowledge in both children (aged 4 to 5 years) and adolescents (aged 10 to 13 years; Havighurst et al, 2013;Havighurst, Harley, & Prior, 2004;Havighurst, Wilson, Harley, & Prior, 2009;Havighurst, Wilson, Harley, Prior, & Kehoe, 2010;Kehoe, Havighurst, & Harley, 2014). The success of the Tuning into Kids/Teens intervention lends support to the notion that parents' emotion socialization styles are malleable and can have a direct impact on child outcomes (Loop & Roskam, 2016).…”

“…The emotion-coaching philosophy involves being aware and accepting of children's emotions whereas emotion-dismissing parents are often unaware of children's emotions and view them as harmful which results in ignoring or denying children's emotional expressions (Gottman et al, 1996;Lunkenheimer, Shields, & Cortina, 2007). In studies with toddlers and children, parents who have an emotion-coaching philosophy often also have children who are more socioemotionally competent (Brophy-Herb et al, 2011;Loop & Roskam, 2016; see Morris et al, 2007 for a review) and better at regulating their emotions (Gottman et al, 1996;Hooven, Gottman, & Katz, 1995). Conversely, children between 8-and 12-years old with parents who endorse an emotion-dismissing philosophy tend to have more behavioral problems and difficulty regulating their emotions (Lunkenheimer et al, 2007;Raval, Raval, & Deo, 2013).…”

“…Last, although the EAC has been widely used as a measurement of emotion socialization (Brand & Klimes-Dougan, 2010;Garside, 2005;Garside & Klimes-Dougan, 2002a;Magai, 1996;O'Neal & Magai, 2005;Silk et al, 2011) and other survey-based measures of emotion socialization exist (e.g., Fabes et al, 1990Ladouceur et al, 2002;Yap, Allen, & Ladouceur, 2008) (Havighurst et al, 2013;Loop & Roskam, 2016;Ramsden & Hubbard, 2002). Although it may intuitively seem as though parents (and/or others) may not directly coach emerging adults through emotionally-evocative situations in the same manner as they do with children and adolescents, it is possible that emerging adults still seek out support and advice from others when dealing with emotionally-taxing situations.…”