Do Children Cope Better Than Adults with Potentially Traumatic Stress? A 40-Year Follow-Up of Holocaust Survivors

Sigal, John J.; Weinfeld, Morton

doi:10.1521/psyc.64.1.69.18236

Cited by 38 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Consistent with the present findings, Green et al (1991) found that fewer preschool children than school children developed PTSD. Studies on people who survived Holocaust as children have shown positive correlations between age and traumarelated distress later in life (e.g., Sigal & Weinfeld, 2001). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sigal and Weinfeld (2001) found that Holocaust survivors who had been between 2 and 13 years old at the time the war ended scored lower on a number of measures of psychological distress than survivors who had been 14 to 24 years old by the end of the war. Cohen et al (2003) examined PTSD symptoms among 134 Holocaust survivors.…”

Section: Empirical Studies Of Age In Relation To Ptsdmentioning

confidence: 94%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Flashbulb memories and posttraumatic stress reactions across the life span: Age-related effects of the German occupation of Denmark during World War II.

Berntsen¹,

Rubin²

2006

Psychology and Aging

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A representative sample of older Danes were interviewed about experiences from the German occupation of Denmark in WWII. The number of participants with flashbulb memories for the German invasion (1940) and capitulation (1945) increased with participants' age at the time of the events up to age 8. Among participants under 8 years at the time of their most traumatic event, age at the time correlated positively with current level of posttraumatic stress reactions, vividness of stressful memories and their centrality to life-story and identity. These findings were replicated in Study 2 for self-nominated stressful events sampled from the entire life span using a representative sample of Danes born after 1945. The results are discussed in relation to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and childhood amnesia.Those who were children during World War II are now aging. Many of them still have vivid memories of bombardments, explosions, and gunfire against civilians. Some remember hiding, being incarcerated, being separated from their family, losing siblings or parents (Berntsen, 2005;Werner, 2000). During the World War II, more than 40 millions civilians were killed and more than 20 million children were orphaned (Werner, 2000). Even though World War II was the first war in history with more civilian than military losses (Werner, 2000), surprisingly few studies of posttraumatic stress reactions have been conducted on World War II survivors sampled from the general population (Bramsen & van der Ploeg, 1999). Most studies have concentrated on combat veterans, prisoners of war and concentration camp survivors (see Falk, Hersen & Hasselt, 1994, for a review). However, even among people who did not fight actively in the war, or who were not incarcerated, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms related to World War II may still persist (Bramsen & van der Ploeg, 1999).Since most WWII survivors who are alive today were children or adolescents at the time of the war, they offer an opportunity to examine how the development of life-long posttraumatic stress reactions may interact with the age of the child at the time of the trauma. Even though one might expect the development and life-long maintenance of such symptoms to depend at least partly on the cognitive and social maturity of the child at the time of the event, the empirical work on the development of PTSD in childhood has been highly limited (e.g., Salmon & Bryant, 2002). One aim of the present work is to help filling this gap in the literature. We use the term posttraumatic stress reactions when addressing our present work to emphasize that we do not examine PTSD as defined clinically. We do, NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript however, examine symptoms of this disorder as this disorder is described clinically (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Here, we examine posttraumatic stress reactions, vividness of traumatic memories associated with WWII as well as flashbulb memories for two key events as a function of ...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Empirical Studies Of Age In Relation To Ptsdmentioning

confidence: 94%

Flashbulb memories and posttraumatic stress reactions across the life span: Age-related effects of the German occupation of Denmark during World War II.

Berntsen¹,

Rubin²

2006

Psychology and Aging

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Cet article a également donné un aperçu de la littérature sur les effets engendrés par les mauvais traitements subis par les personnes institutionnalisées en bas âge (Rutter et al, 1999 ;Morrison et al, 1995 ;O'Connor et al, 2000 ;Johnson et al, 2006) ainsi que sur les facteurs de protection (Matussek, 1975 ;Sigal et al, 1999 ;Sigal et Weinfeld, 2001 ;Shmotkin, 2003). Ce deuxième article met l'accent sur les résultats qualitatifs recueillis à l'aide d'entrevues semi-structurées destinées à documenter les expériences, tant actuelles que passées, des EDI.…”

Section: Contexte Théoriqueunclassified

Les expériences vécues par les enfants de Duplessis institutionnalisés : les conséquences après plus de 50 ans

Paré

Sigal

Perry³

et al. 2010

smq

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dans cet article, les auteurs présentent les résultats qualitatifs recueillis à partir de questionnaires et d’entrevues semi-structurées destinés à documenter les expériences tant actuelles que passées des enfants de Duplessis institutionnalisés (EDI). Des exemples typiques et deux cas représentatifs sont présentés. Les résultats indiquent que les abus et la négligence subis par les EDI pendant l’enfance ont compromis leur ajustement psychosocial à long terme. Ils révèlent aussi que les EDI qui ont rapporté au moins quatre forces pendant leur enfance étaient plus susceptibles d’être protégés à l’âge adulte contre les effets négatifs de leur placement.

show abstract

“…D'autre part, les caractéristiques personnelles des enfants font en sorte que certains d'entre eux feront mieux face à des situations de privation et de stress extrêmes sans conserver des séquelles psychologiques et physiques majeures à l'âge adulte (Eaton et al, 1982 ;Shmotkin, 2003). Ainsi, la documentation scientifique sur la résilience permet d'identifier les facteurs familiaux (Matussek, 1975), les habiletés cognitives (Sigal et al, 1998), le style défensif et les capacités d'adaptation (Shmotkin, 2003 ;Sigal et Weinfeld, 2001) comme des facteurs pouvant aider les enfants institutionnalisés à faire face à l'adversité. Les expériences d'abus, les expériences d'attachement et les caractéristiques personnelles sont donc trois domaines qui peuvent aider à comprendre le cheminement de vie des Orphelins.…”

unclassified

Répercussions d’une enfance vécue en institution : le cas des Enfants de Duplessis

Boucher

Paré

Perry

et al. 2009

smq

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Do Children Cope Better Than Adults with Potentially Traumatic Stress? A 40-Year Follow-Up of Holocaust Survivors

Cited by 38 publications

References 34 publications

Flashbulb memories and posttraumatic stress reactions across the life span: Age-related effects of the German occupation of Denmark during World War II.

Flashbulb memories and posttraumatic stress reactions across the life span: Age-related effects of the German occupation of Denmark during World War II.

Les expériences vécues par les enfants de Duplessis institutionnalisés : les conséquences après plus de 50 ans

Répercussions d’une enfance vécue en institution : le cas des Enfants de Duplessis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About