Do chromosome numbers reflect phylogeny? New counts for Bombacoideae and a review of Malvaceae s.l.

Marinho, Rafaela Cabral; Mendes‐Rodrigues, Clesnan; Balao, Francisco; Ortiz, Pedro; Yamagishi‐Costa, Júlia; Bonetti, Ana Maria; Oliveira, Paulo Eugênio

doi:10.3732/ajb.1400248

Cited by 21 publications

(52 citation statements)

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“…There are frequent reports in the literature of hypervariable and complex chromosome numbers (Lewis 1951;Lewis et al 1971;Brighton et al 1973;Assis et al 2013;Escudero et al 2015), although it is not always clear if this karyotypic variability is real (e.g., polyploidy, aneuploidy, or disploidy) or simply due to chromosome count errors. Erroneous chromosome counts may represent a significant fraction of the intra-and interspecific variability of reported chromosome numbers (Merxmüller 1970;Guerra 1986;Baum and Oginuma 1994;Marinho et al 2014). In this context, chromosome recounts, followed by more detailed analyzes of heterochromatin distributions, represent an important tool for determining the real status of karyotypic diversity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Schott & Endl. (Oliveira et al 1992), with great intra-and interspecific variability (Baker and Baker 1968;Baum and Oginuma 1994;Oginuma et al 1999;Marinho et al 2014). Two probable basic chromosome numbers (x) have been suggested for Bombacoideae (x = 44 in Adansonia L., Pachira Aubl., and Pseudobombax Dugand, or x = 46 in Eriotheca Schott & Endl.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two probable basic chromosome numbers (x) have been suggested for Bombacoideae (x = 44 in Adansonia L., Pachira Aubl., and Pseudobombax Dugand, or x = 46 in Eriotheca Schott & Endl.) (Marinho et al 2014), but detailed analyzes and cytogenetic revisions are lacking for most genera. A strong phylogenetic signal for higher chromosome numbers (2n = 64-90) has been observed in Bombacoideae compared with other subfamilies of Malvaceae, suggesting a whole genome duplication event in the origin of that subfamily, as well as neopolyploidy events in some lineages (Marinho et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Karyotypic stability in the paleopolyploid genus Ceiba Mill. (Bombacoideae, Malvaceae)

et al. 2016

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The genus Ceiba Mill. belongs to the subfamily Bombacoideae (Malvaceae), a paleopolyploid lineage characterized by numerous small chromosomes, which has frequently been reported to have variable intra-and interspecific chromosome numbers. The genus is of Miocene origin, representing a suitable model for studying the relationships between chromosome variability and paleopolyploidy. A comparative cytogenetic analysis of five Ceiba species was undertaken to determine their karyotype variability. New chromosome number counts, chromosome morphological observations, CMA/DAPI double staining, and in situ hybridization (FISH) with 5S and 45S rDNA were performed for five Ceiba species, which represent three out of five main lineages of the genus. Karyotypic data were discussed in the light of molecular phylogenies available for the group. All species showed 2n = 86 and similar karyotypes, composed predominantly of metacentric chromosomes. Two pairs of CMA ? /DAPIbands were located on the short arms of the metacentric chromosomes. The CMA ? bands colocated with 45S rDNA sites, while the 5S rDNA sites were situated in the interstitial regions of other chromosome pairs. Contrary to the intra-and interspecific chromosome number diversity reported for Ceiba species in the literature, our findings suggest chromosome number stability in four of the five lineages within the genus for which data are available. Moreover, our data suggest that karyotypes are evolutionary conserved in the three lineages for which we generated new karyotypic data. Our data, as well as recent cytogenetic reviews of other Bombacoideae genera, indicate numerical stability for these taxa suggesting that counting errors, especially in earlier research, may have overestimated karyotype variability. Chromosome count errors can be attributed to technical difficulties associated with high chromosome numbers, and/or the reduced size of Bombacoideae chromosomes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Karyotypic stability in the paleopolyploid genus Ceiba Mill. (Bombacoideae, Malvaceae)

et al. 2016

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“…6 This approach, has recently been favored by new comparative phylogenetic methods, through new software and algorithms that enable better interpretation of the diversification and karyotype evolution. [7][8][9] Among the challenges found in rebuilding the karyotype evolution, through comparative phylogenetic methods, are the groups with stable karyotypes or very low degree of variability. In the marine environment, fish belonging to the order Perciformes are the most diverse group among the Teleostei, with 160 families and *10,000 species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends on the Karyotype Acrocentrization Within Carangidae (Perciformes): A New Phylogenetic Evidence About a Traditional Marine Paradigm

Jacobina¹,

Martínez

Torres³

et al. 2016

Zebrafish

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Carangidae is a morphologically diverse family of marine fish, characterized by stable karyotypes, predominantly with 2n = 48, composed of acrocentric chromosomes (A). This stability is shared with other families of the order Perciformes, which resulted in the hypothesis that 48A is a plesiomorphic karyotype of the group. We tested this hypothesis in the Carangidae family using comparative phylogenetic methods, investigating the evolution of karyotype characters (including chromosome number, morphology, and number of chromosome arms per karyotype [fundamental number, FN]). Our analyses revealed that 2n = 48 is most likely the ancestral chromosome number for the family. However, an extremely variable number of FNs, always above 48, was observed in basal clades within the family and sister groups. On the other hand, the reduced FN = 48 was consistently observed only in the most derived clades, indicating a tendency for acrocentrization. The number of acrocentric chromosomes apparently was accompanied by a trend of reduction in the genome size (1C-value), suggesting that these changes might be correlated. Our data contradict the marine fish hypothesis that the 2n = 48 acrocentric karyotype is plesiomorphic, at least for Carangidae, and reveal the importance for the correct interpretation of karyotype in a temporal and phylogenetic context.

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“…The obtained data facilitate the detection and identification of closely related taxa and the generation and/or testing of phylogenetic hypotheses (Gavrilov-Zimin 2011;Gokhman 1997Gokhman , 2007Marinho et al 2014;Pyšek et al 2013). One of the clearest examples of the value of cytogenetics in phylogenetic reconstructions is the case of primate evolution (Stanyon et al 2008).…”

Section: The Importance Of Selecting the Right Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Some Cytogenetic Methods for the Investigation of Insect Chromosomes and Their Implications for Research in Systematic Entomology

Koçak¹,

Okutaner²

2017

LEB

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Abstract:The use of karyological studies in insects is of considerable significance. However, chromosome karyotyping has been hampered principally by: 1) the minute size of many insects, 2) the recovery of suitable tissues, 3) the small number of cells adequate for analyses 4) the smallness of the chromosomes in some groups, 5) the difficulty in obtaining satisfactory numbers of well-spread or dispersed metaphases, and 6) the determination of the best time of the year to carry out chromosome preparations using freshly collected material because the life history of many insects is still not well-known. Many attempts have been made to reduce these difficulties by developing novel karyological methods. These procedures can yield chromosome preparations applicable to a wide variety of insects. In this paper, we outline techniques for preparation and observation of chromosomes from insect cells. Also, implications of chromosome techniques on insect systematics are discussed.

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Do chromosome numbers reflect phylogeny? New counts for Bombacoideae and a review of Malvaceae s.l.

Cited by 21 publications

References 54 publications

Karyotypic stability in the paleopolyploid genus Ceiba Mill. (Bombacoideae, Malvaceae)

Karyotypic stability in the paleopolyploid genus Ceiba Mill. (Bombacoideae, Malvaceae)

Trends on the Karyotype Acrocentrization Within Carangidae (Perciformes): A New Phylogenetic Evidence About a Traditional Marine Paradigm

Some Cytogenetic Methods for the Investigation of Insect Chromosomes and Their Implications for Research in Systematic Entomology

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