Do Combined Heat and Power plants perform? Case study of publicly funded projects in New York

Malaysia’s energy intensity (GWh/GDP) shows an increasing trend since the 1990s, leading to the government’s efforts to promote energy efficiency via policies such as the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan (NEEAP), which includes the Energy Performance Contracting (EPC) initiative. This paper reviews recent publications in industrial Combined Heat and Power (CHP) with a focus on international case studies relevant to Malaysian industries that use industrial steam and highlights trends within the research area. It also provides the basis for more case studies to be performed in the Malaysian industry to improve energy efficiency while also supporting further academic research in the area. Additionally, the paper documents the importance of data collection and analysis as well as demand forecasting, not only for a better understanding of industrial energy systems but also to increase profitability since system loads may vary throughout a typical year. A multi-criteria and comprehensive approach is recommended in future case studies to ensure energy efficiency, economic returns and environmental impact are considered to ensure long-term sustainability. A summary of barriers to CHP implementation in the industry is also included to provide a broad understanding of industrial CHP.

Section: Combined Heat and Power (Chp) And Combined Cooling Heat And ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Importance Of Industry Data and Demand Forecastingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial CHP with Steam Systems: A Review of Recent Case Studies, Trends and Relevance to Malaysian Industry

Pariasamy¹,

Venkiteswaran

Kumar³

et al. 2022

“…The total efficiency of energy utilization of combined heat and power (CHP) generation is between 60% and 80%, which is much higher than the 40% average efficiency of typical coal-fired power plants [1,2]. The United States, Britain, and the Scandinavian countries actively promote the application of CHP technology [3][4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Analysis of Cascade Heating with High Back-Pressure Large-Scale Steam Turbine

Zhang

Sun

et al. 2018

To reduce the exergy loss that is caused by the high-grade extraction steam of traditional heating mode of combined heat and power (CHP) generating unit, a high back-pressure cascade heating technology for two jointly constructed large-scale steam turbine power generating units is proposed. The Unit 1 makes full use of the exhaust steam heat from high back-pressure turbine, and the Unit 2 uses the original heating mode of extracting steam condensation, which significantly reduces the flow rate of high-grade extraction steam. The typical 2 × 350 MW supercritical CHP units in northern China were selected as object. The boundary conditions for heating were determined based on the actual climatic conditions and heating demands. A model to analyze the performance of the high back-pressure cascade heating supply units for off-design operating conditions was developed. The load distributions between high back-pressure exhaust steam direct supply and extraction steam heating supply were described under various conditions, based on which, the heating efficiency of the CHP units with the high back-pressure cascade heating system was analyzed. The design heating load and maximum heating supply load were determined as well. The results indicate that the average coal consumption rate during the heating season is 205.46 g/kWh for the design heating load after the retrofit, which is about 51.99 g/kWh lower than that of the traditional heating mode. The coal consumption rate of 199.07 g/kWh can be achieved for the maximum heating load. Significant energy saving and CO 2 emission reduction are obtained.Energies 2018, 11, 119 2 of 15 300 MW can even reach 0.98 MPa. However, the first-class heating networks are generally designed for a water supply temperature of approximately 120-130 • C. Because of climate change and energy saving of buildings, the actual operating temperature is usually approximately 90-100 • C [10,11]. The temperature of extracting steam is too high, which results in large amounts of exergy loss. On the other hand, the exhaust steam from the low pressure cylinder of turbine condenses into water by releasing large amount latent heat, which results in great cold source loss [12]. Therefore, making full use of the steam turbine's exhaust heat and reducing the throttling loss from the extracting steam is the key to further improving the efficiency of the CHP unit.Several improvements have been made to the traditional steam extraction heating method, including that of the steam turbine using dual-axis rotors and can be operated under all condensation, extraction, and back pressure conditions [13,14]. When the heat load during the heating period is high, the low pressure cylinder is removed, and the steam turbine operates on the high back pressure, which can increase the heating capacity by using all of the exhaust heat. However, a synchro-self-shifting (SSS) clutch must be installed to implement the changeover between different conditions, which is of much expensive. Besides, the power plant, coupled absorption heat...

“…Combined heat and power (CHP) as a cogeneration system can produce power and heat at the same time, which has the advantages of energy cascade utilization, significant flexibility, and high efficiency [1][2][3][4]. CHP is an important approach to reduce the primary energy demand from fossil fuels and cut down CO 2 emissions [5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Improved Heating System with Waste Pressure Utilization in a Combined Heat and Power Unit

Chen

Xiao

et al. 2018

An improved heating system integrated with waste pressure utilization (WPU) for combined heat and power (CHP) cogeneration was proposed. The new heating system efficiently utilized the excess pressure of the extraction heating steam to drive the WPU turbine and generator for producing electricity, achieving higher energy efficiency and lower fuel consumption of the CHP unit. The results of the detailed thermodynamic analysis showed that applying the proposed concept in a typical 300 MW coal-fired CHP unit could reduce the standard coal consumption rate by 9.84 g/(kW•h), with a thermal efficiency improvement of 1.97% (absolute value). Compared to that of the original heating process, the energy efficiency of the proposed process decreased by 0.55% (absolute value), but its exergy efficiency increased dramatically by 17.97% (absolute value), which meant that the proposed configuration could make better use of the steam energy and contribute to the better performance of the CHP unit. As the unit generation load and supply and return-water temperatures declined and the unit heating load rose, the WPU system would generate more electricity and its energy-saving benefit would be enhanced. This work provides a promising approach to further advance the CHP technology and district heating systems.