Do direct detection experiments constrain axionlike particles coupled to electrons?

Abstract

Several laboratory experiments have published limits on axionlike particles (ALPs) with feeble couplings to electrons and masses in the keV-MeV range, under the assumption that such ALPs comprise the dark matter. We note that ALPs decay radiatively into photons, and show that for a large subset of the parameter space ostensibly probed by these experiments, the lifetime of the ALPs is shorter than the age of the universe. Such ALPs cannot consistently make up the dark matter, which significantly affects the interpretation of published limits from GERDA, Edelweiss-III, SuperCDMS and Majorana. Moreover, constraints from X-ray and gamma-ray astronomy exclude an even wider range of the ALP-electron coupling, and supersede all current laboratory limits on dark matter ALPs in the 6 keV to 1 MeV mass range. These conclusions are rather model-independent, and can only be avoided at the expense of significant fine-tuning in theories where the ALP has additional couplings to other particles.

Search for dark matter particle interactions with electron final states with DarkSide-50

“…Astrophysical constraints (dashed lines) are set by Ref. [35][36][37][38]. For sterile neutrinos, the limits set by NuSTAR [38] extend downwards to |Ue4| 2 = 10 −13 at 20 keV/c 2 .…”