Do dyslexia and stuttering share a processing deficit?

Abstract

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Phonological precision for word recognition in skilled readers

“…We also included measures of executive functioning, tested with the manual and naming Stroop (1935) and a test of non-verbal intelligence (Raven’s Standard Matrices test; Raven, 1960). These were included as control measures to ensure that the differences between the groups did not result from differences in non-verbal intelligence or inhibitory control (Elsherif et al, 2021; see Supplementary Material 1 for further details). These tests were not included in the PCA.…”

“… 3. The Raven Matrices, Manual Stroop, and Naming Stroop were included as control measures for future research to ensure that the differences between groups did not result from non-verbal intelligence or inhibitory control (see Elsherif et al, 2021 ). These tests were not included in the PCA.…”

Bridging Neurodiversity and Open Scholarship: How Shared Values Can Guide Best Practices for Research Integrity, Social Justice, and Principled Education

“…Furthermore, differences in moral reasoning may help neurodivergent researchers to identify ethical or epistemological issues which would otherwise remain uncovered. This difference in moral reasoning reflects a larger heterogeneity of information processing across the neurodiversity spectrum, including differences in creative or divergent thinking (Best et al, 2015;Colautti et al, 2021;Magenes et al, 2021;Majeed et al, 2021;Sedgwick et al, 2019), vocabulary and reading experience (e.g., Elsherif et al, 2021), pattern recognition (Baron-Cohen et al, 2009;Schneps et al, 2011), and the influence of cognitive biases (Rozenkrantz et al, 2021). In particular, cognitive biases such as confirmation bias have been identified as a key issue in the interpretation of scientific results.…”

“…Research suggests that a small number of physicalrelated health conditions are prevalent in neurodivergent conditions, including asthma, daytime urinary incontinence, epilepsy, faecal incontinence, gastrointestinal issues, allergies and sleep disorders (e.g., Ajdacic-Gross et al, 2020;Cashin et al, 2018;von Gontard et al, 2021). To date, research regarding co-occurrence and neurodivergent individuals has focused on describing the overlap of a specific neurodivergent condition with other medical conditions, with findings suggesting that on average, neurodivergent individuals have other conditions that are ignored or rarely acknowledged (Bishop-Fitzpatrick & Rubenstein, 2019;Elsherif et al, 2021), leading to less discussion of how best to provide reasonable adjustments that can support the individual and make them feel included and belonged in a specific environment. In turn, this makes it more challenging for students to continue their education.…”

Rate of Stuttering and Factors Associated With Speech Fluency Characteristics in Adult Struggling Readers

“…Reading difficulties (such as dyslexia) and stuttering are reported to share common genetic and biological factors (see Elsherif et al, 2021, for an overview). For example, mutations in three genes, GNPTAB , GNPTG , and NAGPA (lysosomal enzyme-targeting genes), associated with susceptibility to stuttering (Kang et al, 2010) also are implicated in the risk of dyslexia (Chen et al, 2015).…”