Do eating behavior traits predict energy intake and body mass index? A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Abstract

Summary At present, it is unclear whether eating behavior traits (EBT) predict objectively measured short‐term energy intake (EI) and longer‐term energy balance as estimated by body mass index (BMI). This systematic review examined the impact of EBT on BMI and laboratory‐based measures of EI in adults ( ≥18 years) in any BMI category, excluding self‐report measures of EI. Articles were searched up until 28th October 2021 using MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE and Web of Science. Sixteen EBT were identified and the association between 10 EBT, EI and BMI were assessed using a random‐effects meta‐analysis. Other EBT outcomes were synthesized qualitatively. Risk of bias was assessed with the mixed methods appraisal tool. A total of 83 studies were included (mean BMI = 25.20 kg/m2, mean age = 27 years and mean sample size = 70). Study quality was rated moderately high overall, with some concerns in sampling strategy and statistical analyses. Susceptibility to hunger (n = 6) and binge eating (n = 7) were the strongest predictors of EI. Disinhibition (n = 8) was the strongest predictor of BMI. Overall, EBT may be useful as phenotypic markers of susceptibility to overconsume or develop obesity (PROSPERO: CRD42021288694).

Associations between body mass index and episodic memory for recent eating, mindful eating, and cognitive distraction: A cross‐sectional study

“…53 With regard to the positive controls, that have established relationships with BMI, disinhibition and emotional eating were positively associated with BMI. 25 Contrary to previous reports, 25 a negative association was found between the measure of restraint and BMI and note that other studies have also found weak evidence for this relationship. 54,55 It is plausible that the wording of the question (How often do you avoid eating tempting foods?)…”

“…To establish the validity of the findings, this study also incorporated other psychological variables that have consistently been associated with BMI as "positive controls." 34 Psychological variables that have been positively associated with BMI are restrained eating (the intention to restrict food intake to prevent body weight gain), 25 emotional eating (consuming food due to feeling negative emotions), 25 disinhibited eating (the tendency to overeat in response to various stimuli), 25 and plate clearing (the tendency to clear one's plate when eating). 35 The data collection for this study coincided with the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic lockdown in the UK (April-May 2020) and stringent stay-at-home restrictions were imposed on the UK population.…”

“…[20][21][22][23][24] An additional concern with these laboratory-based observations is whether there would be "compensatory eating" for any acute effects over subsequent days/weeks/months. In part to address this concern, increasing research is focusing on establishing evidence for potential chronic effects of the aforementioned cognitive controls of food intake (episodic memory for recent eating, mindful eating, and distracted eating) by assessing associations with longer-term measures of dietary behavior (e.g., body mass index, BMI 25 ). There have been reports of episodic memory deficits in obese individuals, 7,26 mindful eating has been associated with lower BMI, [27][28][29][30][31] whereas a positive relationship between distracted eating (e.g., screen time) and BMI 32,33 has been reported.…”

“…The aim was to compare the relative strength of the association of each of these variables with BMI. To establish the validity of the findings, this study also incorporated other psychological variables that have consistently been associated with BMI as “positive controls.” 34 Psychological variables that have been positively associated with BMI are restrained eating (the intention to restrict food intake to prevent body weight gain), 25 emotional eating (consuming food due to feeling negative emotions), 25 disinhibited eating (the tendency to overeat in response to various stimuli), 25 and plate clearing (the tendency to clear one's plate when eating) 35 …”

Perilaku Makan Tipe Emotional, External dan Restrained Kaitannya dengan Indeks Massa Tubuh Mahasiswa

“…Hal tersebut sesuai dengan hasil penelitian ini yaitu berdasarkan rata-rata skor item pertanyaan perilaku makan emotional eating (Tabel 2) diketahui bahwa keinginan makan sebagain besar subjek dipengaruhi oleh rasa (3,84±0,82;3,62±0,90) dan aroma (3,66±0,87) dari makanan. Hasil penelitian Dakin et al (2023) mengungkapkan bahwa keinginan makan makanan tertentu seperti makanan tinggi karbohidrat, makanan manis, makanan tinggi lemak berhubungan positif dengan "external eating" dan indeks masa tubuh. Berdasarkan penelitian ini diketahui bahwa rata-rata skor subjek dengan berat badan lebih dan obesitas lebih cenderung restrained eating (3,12±0,61 dan 2,83±0,61) dibanding subjek berstatus gizi normal (2,39±0,73) dan kurang (1,64±0,24).…”