Do Executive Dysfunction, Delay Aversion, and Time Perception Deficit Predict ADHD Symptoms and Early Academic Performance in Preschoolers

Zheng, Que; Cheng, Yu; Sonuga‐Barke, Edmund; Shum, Kenneth W.

doi:10.1007/s10802-022-00937-x

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Furthermore, delay aversion was not recorded as comprehensively within the study as executive function de cits. Since delay aversion is a complex neuropsychological factor that comprises several dimensions (34,54) it is perhaps more di cult to capture (especially within a survey) than executive functions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, Delay Aversion refers to individuals' inclination towards favoring immediate rewards over delayed ones, presumably to avoid the aversive sensation of waiting (33). Empirical research indicates that Executive Function and Delay Aversion capture complementary facets of self-regulation (34). Speci cally, it has been proposed (35) that impairments in self-regulation are essentially caused by reduced inhibitory control (pathway of executive dysfunction) and increased Delay Aversion (boring waiting situations are avoided if possible or escaped through impulsive behavior, i.e., motivational pathway).…”

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, existing studies have mainly focused on the familial effects on executive function (26, 28, 53) rather than delay aversion. Here, we also consider delay aversion, as it is equally relevant in the context of self-regulation (34,55). Our goal was to measure self-regulation more broadly.…”

Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Apple Does Not Fall Far: Stable Predictive Relationships Between Parents' Ratings of Their Own and Their Children’s Self-Regulation Abilities

Kneidinger,

Alanis,

Steinmayr

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Self-regulation is a critical skill that influences children's academic, social, and emotional development. This study investigates the stability and predictive relationships between parents' ratings of their own and their children's self-regulation abilities, focusing on executive function and delay aversion due to their strong association with cognitive and emotional control processes. Using data from 1700 families collected during the COVID-19 pandemic, we employed hierarchical structural equation models and cross-lagged panel models to analyze the temporal stability and directional influences of self-regulation assessments. Our analysis revealed a substantial latent correlation (r = 0.48, p < 0.001) between parents' and children's executive function problems, indicating a shared variance of approximately 23%. Significant cross-lagged effects were found, with parental executive function at T1 predicting child executive function at T2 (β = 0.16, p = 0.004). For delay aversion, we found a latent correlation of r = 0.50 (p < 0.001) and significant within-timepoint and temporal stability, but no cross-lagged effects. These findings suggest that higher levels of executive function problems reported by parents at T1 correspond to an increased perception of similar problems in their children at T2. This highlights the importance of parental self-perception in assessing children's abilities, aligning with Murphey's model that parental beliefs influence child outcomes. Our results underscore the significance of considering family dynamics in interventions aimed at promoting self-regulation in children. By understanding the interplay between parental and child self-regulation, researchers and practitioners can design more effective, individualized interventions to promote positive developmental outcomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Apple Does Not Fall Far: Stable Predictive Relationships Between Parents' Ratings of Their Own and Their Children’s Self-Regulation Abilities

Kneidinger,

Alanis,

Steinmayr

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…At present, there are few studies on ADHD delay-related behaviours in China. Studies have mainly focused on children [ 29 – 31 ]. The research questions of this study are whether QDQ is also applicable to the Chinese population, and what are the characteristics of the reward-delay impulsivity in Chinese adults with ADHD?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Quick Delay Questionnaire (C-QDQ) and ecological characteristics of reward-delay impulsivity of adults with ADHD

Chen,

Zhang,

Hong

et al. 2024

BMC Psychiatry

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Background The Quick Delay Questionnaire (QDQ) is a short questionnaire designed to assess delay-related difficulties in adults. This study aimed to examine the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the QDQ (C-QDQ) in Chinese adults, and explore the ecological characteristics of delay-related impulsivity in Chinese adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods Data was collected from 302 adults, including ADHD (n = 209) and healthy controls (HCs) (n = 93). All participants completed the C-QDQ. The convergent validity, internal consistency, retest reliability and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the C-QDQ were analyzed. The correlations between C-QDQ and two laboratory measures of delay-related difficulties and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11), the comparison of C-QDQ scores between ADHD subgroups and HCs were also analyzed. Results The Cronbach’s α of C-QDQ was between 0.83 and 0.89. The intraclass correlation coefficient of C-QDQ was between 0.80 and 0.83. The results of CFA of C-QDQ favoured the original two-factor model (delay aversion and delay discounting). Significant positive associations were found between C-QDQ scores and BIS-11 total score and performance on the laboratory measure of delay-related difficulties. Participants with ADHD had higher C-QDQ scores than HCs, and female ADHD reported higher scores on delay discounting subscale than male. ADHD-combined type (ADHD-C) reported higher scores on delay aversion subscale than ADHD-inattention type (ADHD-I). Conclusion The C-QDQ is a valid and reliable tool to measure delay-related responses that appears to have clinical utility. It can present the delay-related impulsivity of patients with ADHD. Compared to HCs, the level of reward-delay impulsivity was higher in ADHD.

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“…It has been proposed that children with ADHD have difficulty maintaining an appropriate problem-solving set to attain future goals, reflecting an executive function deficit [5,6]. This executive deficit appears in several processes closely linked to prospective memory (PM) performance, resulting in failures to execute goal-directed activities in their everyday lives, as goals are often not achieved, and tasks left unfinished [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activity-Based Prospective Memory in ADHD during Motor Sleep Inertia

Occhionero

Tonetti

Conca

et al. 2023

Sensors

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Prospective memory (PM) is essential in everyday life because it concerns the ability to remember to perform an intended action in the future. Individuals diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often show poor performance in PM. Because age can be confounding, we decided to test PM in ADHD patients (children and adults) and healthy controls (children and adults). We examined 22 children (four females; mean age = 8.77 ± 1.77) and 35 adults (14 females; mean age = 37.29 ± 12.23) with ADHD, in addition to 92 children (57 females; mean age = 10.13 ± 0.42) and 95 adults (57 females; mean age = 27.93 ± 14.35) as healthy controls. Each participant originally wore an actigraph around the non-dominant wrist and was requested to push the event-marker at get-up time. To assess the efficiency of PM performance, we calculated the time elapsing between the end of sleep in the morning and the pushing of the event-marker button. The results showed lower PM performance in ADHD participants, regardless of age. However, the differences between ADHD and control groups were more evident in the children group. Our data seem to confirm that PM efficiency is compromised in individuals diagnosed with ADHD regardless of age, and agree with the idea of considering the PM deficit as a neuropsychological marker of ADHD.

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Do Executive Dysfunction, Delay Aversion, and Time Perception Deficit Predict ADHD Symptoms and Early Academic Performance in Preschoolers

Cited by 11 publications

References 94 publications

The Apple Does Not Fall Far: Stable Predictive Relationships Between Parents' Ratings of Their Own and Their Children’s Self-Regulation Abilities

The Apple Does Not Fall Far: Stable Predictive Relationships Between Parents' Ratings of Their Own and Their Children’s Self-Regulation Abilities

Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Quick Delay Questionnaire (C-QDQ) and ecological characteristics of reward-delay impulsivity of adults with ADHD

Activity-Based Prospective Memory in ADHD during Motor Sleep Inertia

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