Do extraverts process social stimuli differently from introverts?

Fishman, Inna; Ng, Ren; Bellugi, Ursula

doi:10.1080/17588928.2010.527434

Cited by 56 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…For example, Yuan et al (2012) show that posterior cingulate cortices may mediate extraversion-related effect for pleasant stimuli, which essentially results in a decreased threshold for pleasant emotion and an increased threshold for unpleasant emotion. Higher scores on extraversion were found to be associated with higher amplitudes of the P300 component of the ERPs elicited by human faces in parietal cortical regions (Fishman et al, 2011). Phillips et al (2012) show that monkeys who demonstrate higher levels of exploratory approach behavior have significantly greater gray matter density in the precuneus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraversion and anterior vs. posterior DMN activity during self-referential thoughts

Knyazev

2013

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Recent studies show that fronto-posterior electroencephalogram (EEG) spectral power distribution is associated with personality. Specifically, extraversion is associated with an increase of spectral power in posterior cortical regions that overlap with the posterior default mode network (DMN) hub and a decrease of spectral power in anterior regions that overlap with the anterior DMN hub. Although there is evidence that dopaminergic neurotransmission may be involved, psychological processes that underlie these associations remain unclear. I hypothesize that these processes may have something to do with spontaneous self-referential thoughts. Specifically, I hypothesize that in extraverts self-referential thoughts may be associated with an increase of spectral power in the posterior DMN hub, whereas in introverts they may be associated with an increase of spectral power in the anterior DMN hub. After spontaneous EEG registration, participants were asked to fill in a questionnaire describing their thoughts during the registration. An item describing self-referential positive expectations (SRPE) was used to measure individual differences in the intensity of these processes. Source localization and independent component analyses were applied to EEG data to reveal oscillatory activity associated with the anterior and the posterior DMN hubs. Hierarchical regression analysis showed a significant interaction between extraversion scores and anterior vs. posterior DMN alpha activity in predicting individual differences in SRPE scores. In extraverts, high SRPE scores were associated with an increase of alpha power in the posterior DMN hub, whereas in introverts they were associated with an increase of alpha power in the anterior DMN hub. Results are discussed in terms of differential involvement of the two DMN hubs in self-related reward processes in extraverts and introverts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraversion and anterior vs. posterior DMN activity during self-referential thoughts

Knyazev

2013

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…Following up on the recent evidence that social stimuli evoke preferential processing and enhanced attention – as indexed by the ERPs – in extraverts as compared to introverts (Fishman et al, 2011), the present study set out to explore whether social stimuli also possess greater rewarding value for extraverts’ neural circuits than for those of introverts. Employing the ERN, an ERP index of reward processing shown to be sensitive to motivational factors, the study’s chief prediction was that extraverts would exhibit greater ERN amplitudes under the conditions where feedback regarding their performance is delivered via social channels (by way of facial expressions) because of a greater sensitivity to social than to non-social reward signals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notably, these data assessed at a single point in young adulthood cannot shed light on whether these findings reflect current social attitude differences, or are a consequence of differential developmental trajectories of introverts and extraverts, the latter being characterized by life-long preferential attention to social stimuli (Fishman et al, 2011) and a resultant perceptual expertise with such stimuli. The present data also do not allow a determination of whether these effects are stable across development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, some initial evidence related to this claim began to emerge: Fishman, Ng and Bellugi (2011) have found that variation on the extraversion dimension is strongly associated with the extent to which social stimuli evoke enhanced allocation of attention. Specifically, they demonstrated that individuals with higher extraversion scores exhibited greater index of attention to social (human faces) than non-social stimuli, as measured by the P300 component of the event-related potentials (ERPs).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Thus, given this evidence that the ERN is sensitive to subjective motivational factors, combined with the ERN’s theorized function as indexing the reward system signal to the ACC, it follows that the ERN should be greater when errors – or feedback indicating erroneous performance – are more valuable or motivationally significant. More specifically, because of the presumed motivational salience that social stimuli (namely, human faces) have for extraverts (e.g., Fishman et al, 2011), it is likely that individuals high on extraversion would exhibit larger ERN amplitudes on error trials followed by social feedback (expressed through faces) than on those followed by non-social feedback.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Error-related brain activity in extraverts: Evidence for altered response monitoring in social context

Fishman

2013

Biological Psychology

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While the personality trait of extraversion has been linked to enhanced reward sensitivity and its putative neural correlates, little is known about whether extraverts’ neural circuits are particularly sensitive to social rewards, given their preference for social engagement and social interactions. Using event-related potentials (ERPs), this study examined the relationship between the variation on the extraversion spectrum and a feedback-related ERP component (the error-related negativity or ERN) known to be sensitive to the value placed on errors and reward. Participants completed a forced-choice task, in which either rewarding or punitive feedback regarding their performance was provided, through either social (facial expressions) or non-social (verbal written) mode. The ERNs elicited by error trials in the social – but not in non-social – blocks were found to be associated with the extent of one’s extraversion. However, the directionality of the effect was in contrast with the original prediction: namely, extraverts exhibited smaller ERNs than introverts during social blocks, whereas all participants produced similar ERNs in the non-social, verbal feedback condition. This finding suggests that extraverts exhibit diminished engagement in response monitoring – or find errors to be less salient – in the context of social feedback, perhaps because they find social contexts more predictable and thus more pleasant and less anxiety provoking.

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Perception of Virtual Agents as Communicators in Virtual vs. Augmented Reality by a Male Sample

Serafini

Chittaro

2023

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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Do extraverts process social stimuli differently from introverts?

Cited by 56 publications

References 29 publications

Extraversion and anterior vs. posterior DMN activity during self-referential thoughts

Extraversion and anterior vs. posterior DMN activity during self-referential thoughts

Error-related brain activity in extraverts: Evidence for altered response monitoring in social context

Perception of Virtual Agents as Communicators in Virtual vs. Augmented Reality by a Male Sample

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