Do eye movement abnormalities in schizophrenia cause <scp><i>Praecox Gefühl</i></scp>?

Hashimoto, Ryota

doi:10.1111/pcn.13197

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This suggests that the effect of ketamine is robust and independent of specific image types. This finding provides flexibility in the selection of image databases for future experiments and could be important based on the literature on gaze metrics in the schizophrenia research ( Hashimoto, 2021 ). We also note that the effect of ketamine can depend on visual salience of images and further experiments are necessary to clarify this possibility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The effect of ketamine on eye movement characteristics during free-viewing of natural images in common marmosets

Polyakova

Iwase²,

Hashimoto³

et al. 2022

Front. Neurosci.

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Various eye movement abnormalities and impairments in visual information processing have been reported in patients with schizophrenia. Therefore, dysfunction of saccadic eye movements is a potential biological marker for schizophrenia. In the present study, we used a pharmacological model of schizophrenia symptoms in marmosets and compared the eye movement characteristics of marmosets during free-viewing, using an image set identical to those used for human studies. It contains natural and complex images that were randomly presented for 8 s. As a pharmacological model of schizophrenia symptoms, a subanesthetic dose of ketamine was injected intramuscularly for transient and reversible manipulation. Eye movements were recorded and compared under a ketamine condition and a saline condition as a control. The results showed that ketamine affected eye movement characteristics during free-viewing. Saccades amplitude and scanpath length were significantly reduced in the ketamine condition. In addition, the duration of saccades was longer under the ketamine condition than under the saline condition. A similar tendency was observed for the duration of fixations. The number of saccades and fixations tended to decrease in the ketamine condition. The peak saccades velocity also decreased after ketamine injection whereas there was no difference in the main sequence relationship between saccades amplitude and peak velocity. These results suggest that ketamine affected visual exploration but did not affect the oculomotor aspect of saccades in marmosets, consistent with studies in patients with schizophrenia. Therefore, we conclude that the subanesthetic dose of ketamine is a promising pharmacological model of schizophrenia symptoms in common marmosets and can be used in combination with free-viewing paradigms to establish “translatable markers” for schizophrenia in primates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The effect of ketamine on eye movement characteristics during free-viewing of natural images in common marmosets

Polyakova

Iwase²,

Hashimoto³

et al. 2022

Front. Neurosci.

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“…Eye movement abnormalities are often reported in various psychiatric disorders, including SZ, BD, MDD, and ASD. Eye movement abnormalities are currently recognized as one of the endophenotypes of psychiatric disorders 49–52 . In SZ, several studies have attempted to distinguish patients with SZ from healthy controls and/or individuals with other mental illnesses 53–60 .…”

Section: Neurophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eye movement abnormalities are currently recognized as one of the endophenotypes of psychiatric disorders. 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 In SZ, several studies have attempted to distinguish patients with SZ from healthy controls and/or individuals with other mental illnesses. 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 Eye movement studies in COCORO began with a study to develop an integrated eye movement score as a neurophysiological marker of SZ based on relatively small data samples.…”

Section: Neurophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in big data analyses by multicenter collaborative translational research in psychiatry

Onitsuka

Hirano

Nemoto

et al. 2022

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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The underlying pathologies of psychiatric disorders, which cause substantial personal and social losses, remain unknown, and their elucidation is an urgent issue. To clarify the core pathological mechanisms underlying psychiatric disorders, in addition to laboratory-based research that incorporates the latest findings, it is necessary to conduct large-sample-size research and verify reproducibility. For this purpose, it is critical to conduct multicenter collaborative research across various fields, such as psychiatry, neuroscience, molecular biology, genomics, neuroimaging, cognitive science, neurophysiology, psychology, and pharmacology. Moreover, collaborative research plays an important role in the development of young researchers. In this respect, the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) consortium and Cognitive Genetics Collaborative Research Organization (COCORO) have played important roles. In this review, we first overview the importance of multicenter collaborative research and our target psychiatric disorders. Then, we introduce research findings on the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders from neurocognitive, neurophysiological, neuroimaging, genetic, and basic neuroscience perspectives, focusing mainly on the findings obtained by COCORO. It is our hope that multicenter collaborative research will contribute to the elucidation of the pathological basis of psychiatric disorders.

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“…We previously showed an integrated score using three measurements (scanpath length during a free-viewing test, horizontal position gain during the fast Lissajous paradigm in a smooth pursuit test, and the duration of fixations during the far distractor paradigm of a fixation stability test) could distinguish between patients with schizophrenia (SZ) and HCs with 82% accuracy ( 20 ). A recent review has provided convincing evidence of eye-movement abnormalities in SZ ( 21 , 22 ). However, Smyrnis et al ( 23 ) noted that the sensitivity of eye movement deficits to differentiate psychiatric patients from healthy controls (HCs) was not high enough to be clinically relevant for diagnostic purposes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye Movement Abnormalities in Major Depressive Disorder

et al. 2021

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Background: Despite their high lifetime prevalence, major depressive disorder (MDD) is often difficult to diagnose, and there is a need for useful biomarkers for the diagnosis of MDD. Eye movements are considered a non-invasive potential biomarker for the diagnosis of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. However, eye movement deficits in MDD remain unclear. Thus, we evaluated detailed eye movement measurements to validate its usefulness as a biomarker in MDD.Methods: Eye movements were recorded from 37 patients with MDD and 400 healthy controls (HCs) using the same system at five University hospitals. We administered free-viewing, fixation stability, and smooth pursuit tests, and obtained 35 eye movement measurements. We performed analyses of covariance with group as an independent variable and age as a covariate. In 4 out of 35 measurements with significant group-by-age interactions, we evaluated aging effects. Discriminant analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were conducted.Results: In the free-viewing test, scanpath length was significantly shorter in MDD (p = 4.2 × 10−3). In the smooth pursuit test, duration of saccades was significantly shorter and peak saccade velocity was significantly lower in MDD (p = 3.7 × 10−3, p = 3.9 × 10−3, respectively). In the fixation stability test, there were no significant group differences. There were significant group differences in the older cohort, but not in the younger cohort, for the number of fixations, duration of fixation, number of saccades, and fixation density in the free-viewing test. A discriminant analysis using scanpath length in the free-viewing test and peak saccade velocity in the smooth pursuit showed MDD could be distinguished from HCs with 72.1% accuracy. In the ROC analysis, the area under the curve was 0.76 (standard error = 0.05, p = 1.2 × 10−7, 95% confidence interval = 0.67–0.85).Conclusion: These results suggest that detailed eye movement tests can assist in differentiating MDD from HCs, especially in older subjects.

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Do eye movement abnormalities in schizophrenia cause Praecox Gefühl?

Cited by 10 publications

References 5 publications

The effect of ketamine on eye movement characteristics during free-viewing of natural images in common marmosets

The effect of ketamine on eye movement characteristics during free-viewing of natural images in common marmosets

Trends in big data analyses by multicenter collaborative translational research in psychiatry

Eye Movement Abnormalities in Major Depressive Disorder

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