Do Faces Capture the Attention of Individuals with Williams Syndrome or Autism? Evidence from Tracking Eye Movements

Riby, Deborah M.; Hancock, Peter

doi:10.1007/s10803-008-0641-z

Cited by 231 publications

(250 citation statements)

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“…a study by Hanley et al (2013) found that individuals with Asperger syndrome attended to the eyes less than typically developing individuals when faces were presented in social scenes containing two people, but not when a single face was viewed in isolation. In studies testing high functioning adolescents and adults with ASD differences in the timing of social attention are generally observed, such as being slower to orient attention to faces (Riby & Hancock, 2009), the eye region in particular (Freeth et al, 2010). A recent review concluded that the ability to orient towards others' faces in an effective manner is affected in ASD (Guillon et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brief Report: Patterns of Eye Movements in Face to Face Conversation are Associated with Autistic Traits: Evidence from a Student Sample

Vabalas

Freeth

2015

J Autism Dev Disord

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The current study investigated whether the amount of autistic traits shown by an individual is associated with viewing behaviour during a face-to-face interaction. The eye movements of 36 neurotypical university students were recorded using a mobile eye-tracking device. High amounts of autistic traits were neither associated with reduced looking to the social partner overall, nor with reduced looking to the face. However, individuals who were high in autistic traits exhibited reduced visual exploration during the face-to-face interaction overall, as demonstrated by shorter and less frequent saccades. Visual exploration was not related to social anxiety. This study suggests that there are systematic individual differences in visual exploration during social interactions and these are related to amount of autistic traits.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brief Report: Patterns of Eye Movements in Face to Face Conversation are Associated with Autistic Traits: Evidence from a Student Sample

Vabalas

Freeth

2015

J Autism Dev Disord

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“…A range of eye tracking studies have shown how people with autism attend atypically to social stimuli (still images of faces or social scenes; clips of dynamic social interaction), mainly in terms of reduced attention to the eyes and faces of others (Corden et al, 2008;Pelphrey et al, 2002;Riby & Hancock, 2009a;Riby & Hancock, 2009b;Frazier Norbury et al, 2009;Klin, Jones, Schultz, Volkmar & Cohen, 2002b;Nakano et al, 2010). When attention is allocated to a face, it seems that it is directed to the mouth region for an atypically increased time compared to individuals who do not have autism and this may be an indicator of reliance upon speech and language to understand social interactions (Jones et al, 2008;Klin et al, 2002b).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…These attention patterns highlighted in research outlined above come from studies involving samples of people with autism ranging in age from 2 years (Jones et al, 2008); to school aged children (Riby & Hancock, 2009a, 2009bRice et al, 2012); to adults with autism (Hanley, McPhillips, Mulhern & Riby, 2012;Klin et al, 2002b); and from participants ranging in levels of cognitive functioning (Rice et al, 2012). Although very informative, important questions remain which could further the clinical utility of such research.…”

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confidence: 99%

Attention during social interaction in children with autism: Comparison to specific language impairment, typical development, and links to social cognition

Hanley

Riby

McCormack

et al. 2014

Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders

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Eye-tracking studies have shown how people with autism spend significantly less time looking at socially relevant information on-screen compared to those developing typically. This has been suggested to impact on the development of socio-cognitive skills in autism. We present novel evidence of how attention atypicalities in children with autism extend to reallife interaction, in comparison to typically developing (TD) children and children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI). We explored the allocation of attention during social interaction with an interlocutor, and how aspects of attention (awareness checking) related to traditional measures of social cognition (false belief attribution). We found divergent attention allocation patterns across the groups in relation to social cognition ability. Even though children with autism and SLI performed similarly on the socio-cognitive tasks, there were syndrome-specific atypicalities of their attention patterns. Children with SLI were most similar to TD children in terms of prioritizing attention to socially pertinent information (eyes, face, awareness checking). Children with autism showed reduced attention to the eyes and face, and slower awareness checking. This study provides unique and timely insight into real-world social gaze (a)typicality in autism, SLI and typical development, its relationship to socio-cognitive ability, and raises important issues for intervention.

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“…Loughland et al 2002;Phillips and David 1997;Sasson et al 2007), Turners Syndrome, (e.g. Mazzola et al 2006), Fragile X Syndrome (Dalton et al 2008), social anxiety (Horley et al 2003(Horley et al , 2004 and Williams Syndrome (Riby and Hancock 2009). The population that has been investigated most extensively however, are those with an Autism Spectrum Condition.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Role of Alexithymia in Reduced Eye-Fixation in Autism Spectrum Conditions

Bird

Press

Richardson

2011

J Autism Dev Disord

158

164

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Do Faces Capture the Attention of Individuals with Williams Syndrome or Autism? Evidence from Tracking Eye Movements

Cited by 231 publications

References 50 publications

Brief Report: Patterns of Eye Movements in Face to Face Conversation are Associated with Autistic Traits: Evidence from a Student Sample

Brief Report: Patterns of Eye Movements in Face to Face Conversation are Associated with Autistic Traits: Evidence from a Student Sample

Attention during social interaction in children with autism: Comparison to specific language impairment, typical development, and links to social cognition

The Role of Alexithymia in Reduced Eye-Fixation in Autism Spectrum Conditions

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