Do gender differences exist in the ventilatory response to progressive exercise in males and females of average fitness?

Kilbride, Emma; McLoughlin, Paul; Gallagher, Charles G.; Harty, H. R.

doi:10.1007/s00421-003-0853-z

Cited by 32 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Although there is evidence in the literature for gender differences in resting pulmonary function, to our knowledge there are few reported studies (McClaren et al 1998;Kilbride et al 2003) that have attempted to make a direct gender comparison of the pattern of the ventilatory response during exercise to the limit of tolerance. As was expected, the chest wall volume at TLC, the inspiratory capacity and the tidal volume in absolute values during exercise were higher in men than in women (Schwartz et al 1988;Sharratt et al 1987), but this difference disappeared when the smaller resting lung volumes in women were accounted for (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Respiratory kinematics by optoelectronic plethysmography during exercise in men and women

et al. 2004

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Gender differences in resting pulmonary function are attributable to the smaller lung volumes in women relative to men. We sought to investigate whether the pattern of response in operational lung volumes during exercise is different between men and women of similar fitness levels. Breath-by-breath volume changes of the entire chest wall ( V(.)( CW)) and its rib cage ( V(.)( Rc)) and abdominal ( V(.)( Ab)) compartments were studied by optoelectronic plethysmography in 15 healthy subjects (10 men) who underwent a symptom-limited ( W (peak)) incremental bicycle test. The pattern of change in end-inspiratory and end-expiratory V(.)( CW) ( V(.)( CW,EI) and V(.)( CW,EE), respectively) did not differ between the sexes. With increasing workload the decrease in V(.)( CW,EE) was almost entirely attributable to a reduction in end-expiratory V(.)( Ab), whereas the increase in V(.)( CW,EI) was due to the increase in end-inspiratory V(.)( Rc) in both sexes. In men, at W (peak) tidal volume [ V(.)( T), 2.7 (0.2) l] and inspiratory capacity [IC, 3.4 (0.2) l] were significantly greater than in women [1.8 (0.2) and 2.6 (0.2) l, respectively]. However, after controlling for lung size using forced vital capacity (FVC) as a surrogate, the differences between men and women were eliminated [ V(.)( T) /FVC 49 (3) and 45 (3) respectively, and IC/FVC 63 (2) and 65 (3) respectively]. All data are presented as mean (SE). In both men and women the contribution of the rib cage compartment to V(.)( T) expansion was significantly greater than that of the abdominal compartment. We conclude that gender differences in operational lung volumes in response to progressive exercise are principally attributable to differences related to lung size, whereas compartmental chest wall kinematics do not differ among sexes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Respiratory kinematics by optoelectronic plethysmography during exercise in men and women

et al. 2004

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“…Female patients with asthma and COPD perceive more severe dyspnoea at the same ventilatory, exercise and metabolic load (9,10,12,14). In female patients with COPD, other factors than the respiratory ones should be evaluated in the background of dyspnoea (10,12).…”

Section: Dyspnoea In the Two Gendersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms to dyspnoea and dynamic hyperinflation related exercise intolerance in COPD

Varga¹

2015

Acta Physiologica Hungarica

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Expiratory flow limitation can develop in parallel with the progression of COPD, and as a consequence, dynamic hyperinflation and lung mechanical abnormalities can develop. Dynamic hyperinflation can cause increased breathlessness and reduction in exercise tolerance. Achievement of critical inspiratory reserve volume is one of the main factors in exercise intolerance. Obesity has specific lung mechanical effects. There is also a difference concerning gender and dyspnoea. Increased nerve activity is characteristic in hyperinflation. Bronchodilator therapy, lung volume reduction surgery, endurance training at submaximal intensity, and heliox or oxygen breathing can decrease the degree of dynamic hyperinflation.Keywords: COPD, dyspnoea, expiratory flow limitation, dynamic hyperinflation, lung mechanics, exercise toleranceOne of the main symptoms in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is dyspnoea, and initially it is manifested during exercise and later at rest with the progression of the disease. Dyspnoea leads to exercise intolerance in parallel with physical inactivity, and as a consequence, disability may develop (28). The main causes of exercise intolerance may be lung mechanical abnormalities and patient's deconditioning (28). Dyspnoea is characterised by an increase in the following factors: respiratory work/ effort ratio, breathing load, end-expiratory lung volume (EELV) related dynamic hyperinflation, intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) related elastic effort, and neurological sensation (Fig. 1) (28). Dyspnoea manifestation is often associated with dynamic hyperinflation (DH) in patients with COPD from moderate to severe obstruction (26,28,29,35,42). The discrepancy between respiratory centre induced respiratory muscle work and muscle load, and capacity related lung volume changes lead to neuromechanical dissociation (Fig. 2). The consequence of this process is the development of dynamic hyperinflation as a cause of chronic and exertional dyspnoea (28).

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“…Gender differences exist in the ventilatory response to progressive exercise [27] and the progression of metabolic responses [28]. Contrary to the other component of cardiac power output, however, mean arterial pressure has been reported to be independent of body size [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Risk by Gender in an Italian Pilot Study

Matteucci¹,

Giampietro²

2009

VDP

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Part of the international variation in the gender differences in total mortality remains unexplained. Although a continuous decrease in age-standardised death rates was observed in Italy, the difference between male and female rates became relatively small or even reversed (as the rate for ischaemic heart diseases).We performed an extensive evaluation of cardiovascular risk factors -demographic and clinical characteristics, biochemical parameters, and oxidative biomarkers -in a sample of healthy subjects (94 women and 75 men) from Central Italy and analysed their relationship with the response to ergometer exercise.In addition to a proportion of smokers similar to that observed in men, a clustering of peculiar female cardiovascular risk factors emerged. This included: higher platelet counts, low participation in leisure-time aerobic physical activities, hypertensive response to exercise (BMI-dependent, unlike in men), and low fraction of heart rate reserve. Physical inactivity and high serum IL-6 levels were independently predictive of having both chronotropic incompetence and abnormal heart rate recovery.

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Do gender differences exist in the ventilatory response to progressive exercise in males and females of average fitness?

Cited by 32 publications

References 23 publications

Respiratory kinematics by optoelectronic plethysmography during exercise in men and women

Respiratory kinematics by optoelectronic plethysmography during exercise in men and women

Mechanisms to dyspnoea and dynamic hyperinflation related exercise intolerance in COPD

Cardiovascular Risk by Gender in an Italian Pilot Study

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