Do greenhouse experiments predict willow responses tolong term flooding events in the field?

Abstract

SUMMARYFlooding tolerance should be included as a trait in breeding programs in forested areas where extreme flooding events lasting several months can occur. In this context, it is difficult to carry out controlled, long-term flooding experiments with big trees due to the large number of specimens to screen. The hypothesis in this work was that a relatively short-term flooding experiment in a greenhouse would be useful to select clones capable of enduring long term flooding events in the field. The survival of 4 willow clones in a long term, 12 years field trial that was subjected twice to long term flooding events, was compared with the survival, growth and gas exchange of those same clones subjected to flooding in the greenhouse for three months. There were differences in flooding survival in the field: clone AN4 showed a 100 % survival, followed by clone 395 (43 %), clone 131-27 (18 %) and clone 13-44 (14 %). In the greenhouse, all plants survived and only flooded plants of clone 13-44 experienced a statistically significant growth and stomatal conductance reduction. The flood tolerance ranking in the field and in the greenhouse only partially overlapped; the worst clone in the field could be identified in the short-term greenhouse experiment, though the best one could not. It was not possible to identify clones with tolerance to long-term flooding episodes in the field. Nevertheless, the greenhouse results were useful to identify clones showing flooding sensitivity and tolerance to short term flooding episodes.Key words: Salix spp., survival, growth, Paraná River Delta. RESUMENEs necesario incluir la tolerancia a la inundación como un carácter en programas de mejoramiento para zonas forestadas donde eventos extremos de inundación que pueden durar meses son comunes. En este contexto, es difícil llevar a cabo experimentos controlados de larga duración con árboles de gran tamaño, debido al elevado número de ejemplares que es necesario evaluar. La hipótesis de este trabajo fue que un experimento relativamente corto de inundación en el invernáculo sería útil para seleccionar clones capaces de soportar eventos de inundación de varios meses en el campo. Se comparó la supervivencia de cuatro clones de sauces en un ensayo a campo que experimentó dos episodios largos de inundación a lo largo de 12 años, y la supervivencia, crecimiento e intercambio gaseoso de los mismos clones inundados por tres meses en invernáculo. Se encontraron diferencias en la supervivencia en el ensayo a campo, del clon AN4 sobrevivieron el 100 % de las plantas, seguido por el clon 395 (43%), clon 131-27 (18%) y clon 13-44 (14%). En el invernáculo, todas las plantas sobrevivieron y sólo las plantas inundadas de 13-44 experimentaron una reducción significativa del crecimiento y la conductancia estomática. El ranking de tolerancia en el campo y en invernáculo sólo coincidió parcialmente, el clon menos tolerante en el campo pudo ser identificado en el invernáculo, pero no el clon más tolerante. Si bien no fue posible identificar clones con tolera...

Gene discovery and marker resource development by transcriptome sequencing from a short‐rotation coppice willow, Salix suchowensis

“…It is known that Salix species have an excellent tolerance to flooding in the field, and some of them even can alive for five years in flooding condition (Amlin and Rood , Cerrillo et al. ). Mapping unigenes to KEGG was an effective way to identify genes with specific function.…”

The RVDM: modelling impacts, evolution and competition processes to determine riparian vegetation dynamics

“…Globally, the parameters ranged within the following intervals: τ c between 10 and 500 N m −2 (e.g. Benjankar et al ., ; García‐Arias et al ., ), τ m between 1 and 100 N m −2 , a c and w c between 2 and 150 days, a m and w m between 1 and 50 days (Stevens and Waring, ; Kozlowski, ; Cerrillo et al ., ) and u a and u w between 0.1 and 0.9.…”

“…Canadell et al, 1996;Schenk and Jackson 2002;Baird and Maddock, 2005;Webb and Leake, 2006;Padilla and Pugnaire, 2007), the ranges considered were not very constraining. Following the consideration of deeper roots for more advanced stages and considering the physiological differences between the riparian and the terrestrial plants, D r ranges were set between 0.1 and 20.0 m and D e obtained values between 0.05 and 3.0 m. Different ranges for D a were defined between À1.5 and 0.5 m considering the resistance to flood asphyxia of each riparian SPFT (Cerrillo et al, 2013). D a for terrestrials and transitional SPFTs were fixed as the limit immediately higher than D e .…”

“…Globally, the parameters ranged within the following intervals: τ c between 10 and 500 N m À2 (e.g. Benjankar et al, 2011;García-Arias et al, 2013), τ m between 1 and 100 N m À2 , a c and w c between 2 and 150 days, a m and w m between 1 and 50 days (Stevens and Waring, 1985;Kozlowski, 2002;Cerrillo et al, 2013) and u a and u w between 0.1 and 0.9. The parameters that control the vegetation successional evolution were analysed within wide ranges because no references were found to be representative for this study.…”

Rendimiento de un sistema de rotación corta de alta densidad con Salix spp. en Buenos Aires, Argentina

“…Si bien estos clones no fueron seleccionados como cultivo bioenergético, presentan crecimiento rápido y fuste recto, características deseables en genotipos destinados a producir biomasa (Karp et al 2011). Yaguareté es más susceptible a la sequía que Barrett debido a su mayor sensibilidad a la cavitación (Doffo et al 2017), mientras que Barrett tiene escasa tolerancia a períodos largos de inundación (Cerrillo et al 2013). Ambos clones tienen rendimientos similares creciendo a campo en rotaciones largas (Cerrillo 2014) pero se desconoce su potencialidad productiva en un sistema SRC.…”