Do Identity Frames Impact Support for Multiracial Candidates? The Case of Kamala Harris

Clayton, Katherine; Crabtree, Charles; Horiuchi, Yusaku

doi:10.1017/xps.2021.33

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…These perceptions may be attributed to the "one drop rule" in that people who are visibly of Black racial heritage are perceived as fully Black in society (Hollinger, 2005). Indeed, less than 20% of people identify Harris's racial identity as both Black and Asian (Clayton et al, 2022). Evaluations of Harris may thereby parallel evaluations expected toward Black women.…”

Section: Gendered Trait Inferences Of Aspiring Female Leaders and The...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Evaluations of Kamala Harris in 2020: Political Ideology Qualifies Perceived Communality Effects When Communal Cues Are Present

Liebenow

Boucher

Cassidy

2022

Psychology of Women Quarterly

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Women of color (vs. White women) are underrepresented in the United States government. Identifying factors that affect evaluations of these women is important to understand their underrepresentation. Deviating from communal expectations contributes to backlash against women. Being perceived as prioritizing communality thus appears key for women to receive support. Little work, however, has examined this relation in actual politicians and how perceiver political ideology may affect it. We examined how gendered trait inferences and political ideology affected evaluations of Kamala Harris, the first woman of color elected to the executive branch, before the 2020 election. People perceived Harris as more agentic than communal (Studies 1–2). Communal trait inferences and having a more liberal political ideology each positively related to evaluations of Harris. More liberal relative to more conservative perceivers had weaker positive communality effects when evaluating her expected success (Studies 1–2) and when a description conveyed Harris’s communality (vs. agency; Study 2). These findings highlight communality effects on evaluations of Harris and suggest a context under which she was likely more supported by co-partisans. Moreover, these studies identify potential sources of bias toward female candidates of color, illustrating a need for gendered trait inferences to be thoroughly considered in campaign strategies. Additional online materials for this article are available on PWQ’s website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/03616843221104383 .

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Section: Gendered Trait Inferences Of Aspiring Female Leaders and The...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Evaluations of Kamala Harris in 2020: Political Ideology Qualifies Perceived Communality Effects When Communal Cues Are Present

Liebenow

Boucher

Cassidy

2022

Psychology of Women Quarterly

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“…Studies on Kamala Harris have focused on how people characterized her racial identity (Ma, Hohl, and Kantner 2021). Others examine whether cues about her racial and gender identity affected support for Harris before and after the election, finding mixed results (Clayton, Crabtree, and Horiuchi 2022).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are only a few studies on the effect of vice presidential choice on presidential elections and only two very recent ones on Harris’ candidacy (Clayton, Crabtree, and Horiuchi 2022; Ma, Hohl, and Kantner 2021). Some analyses of aggregate vote share and individual data suggest that VP picks do not affect electoral outcomes (Romero 2001).…”

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confidence: 99%

Black, immigrant, or woman? The implicit influence of Kamala Harris’ vice presidential nomination on support for Biden in 2020

Filindra

Fagan

2022

Social Science Quarterly

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Objective In 2020, for the first time, a VP candidate was a black woman of immigrant parentage. This article asks whether Kamala Harris’ vice presidential candidacy may have motivated some white voters and especially those scoring high on racial resentment, anti‐immigrant attitudes, or sexism to vote for Trump instead of Biden. Methods We conducted an online priming experiment with non‐Hispanic white voters in August 2020, shortly after Harris was announced as the Democratic vice presidential nominee. Half of the samples were asked about their support for the president–vice presidential tickets, while the other half were asked only about support for a presidential candidate. Results Our results show that the Harris’ selection may have affected vote choice by pushing many whites, especially among the most racially conservative whites into the Trump column. We find mixed results for anti‐immigrant attitudes and sexism. Conclusion We conclude that one aspect of Harris’ identity—race—dominated the minds of voters relative to other aspects of her identity.

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Reputations for treatment of outgroup members can prevent the emergence of political segregation in cooperative networks

Simpson,

Montgomery,

Melamed

2023

Nat Commun

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Reputation systems promote cooperation and tie formation in social networks. But how reputations affect cooperation and the evolution of networks is less clear when societies are characterized by fundamental, identity-based, social divisions like those centered on politics in the contemporary U.S. Using a large web-based experiment with participants (N = 1073) embedded in networks where each tie represents the opportunity to play a dyadic iterated prisoners’ dilemma, we investigate how cooperation and network segregation varies with whether and how reputation systems track behavior toward members of the opposing political party (outgroup members). As predicted, when participants know others’ political affiliation, early cooperation patterns show ingroup favoritism. As a result, networks become segregated based on politics. However, such ingroup favoritism and network-level political segregation is reduced in conditions in which participants know how others behave towards participants from both their own party and participants from the other party. These findings have implications for our understanding of reputation systems in polarized contexts.

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Do Identity Frames Impact Support for Multiracial Candidates? The Case of Kamala Harris

Cited by 8 publications

References 32 publications

Understanding Evaluations of Kamala Harris in 2020: Political Ideology Qualifies Perceived Communality Effects When Communal Cues Are Present

Understanding Evaluations of Kamala Harris in 2020: Political Ideology Qualifies Perceived Communality Effects When Communal Cues Are Present

Black, immigrant, or woman? The implicit influence of Kamala Harris’ vice presidential nomination on support for Biden in 2020

Reputations for treatment of outgroup members can prevent the emergence of political segregation in cooperative networks

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