Do Implicit and Explicit Measures of the Sense of Agency Measure the Same Thing?

Dewey, John; Knoblich, Günther

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0110118

Cited by 217 publications

(183 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…This is an interesting finding but converging EFFORT DISRUPTS IMPLICIT AGENCY 7 evidence using an implicit task would be valuable in understanding the processes involved in agency attribution during strain. This is especially important given that explicit and implicit measures are sometimes found to be dissociated (Dewey & Knoblich, 2014;Obhi & Hall;. Some studies that have used implicit measures lend indirect support to the notion that mental effort disrupts the implicit sense of agency, though their research questions did not directly address the role of cognitive load.…”

Section: Sense Of Agency and Effortmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical and mental effort disrupts the implicit sense of agency

2016

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We investigated the effect of effort on implicit agency ascription for actions performed under varying levels of physical effort or cognitive load. People are able to estimate the interval between two events accurately, but they underestimate the interval between their own actions and their outcomes. This effect is known as 'intentional binding', and may provide feedback regarding the consequences of our actions. Concurrently with the interval reproduction task, our participants pulled sports resistance bands at high and low resistance levels (Experiments 1 and 2), or performed a working memory task with high and low set-sizes (Experiment 3).Intentional binding was greater under low than high effort. When the effort was task-related (Experiment 1), this effect depended on the individual's explicit appraisal of exertion, while the effect of effort was evident at the group level when the effort was task-unrelated (physical, Experiment 2; mental, Experiment 3). These findings imply that the process of intentional binding is compromised when cognitive resources are depleted, either through physical or mental strain. We discuss this notion in relation to the integration of direct sensorimotor feedback with signals of agency and other instances of cognitive resource depletion and action control during strain.Keywords: Sense of agency, temporal binding, intentional binding, experience of effort, time perception. EFFORT DISRUPTS IMPLICIT AGENCY 3 Physical and mental effort disrupts the implicit sense of agencyIt is important that the human motor system can efficiently process events which are the result of its own actions, and to discriminate these from events in the world for which it is not responsible. For instance, if I kick a ball and it knocks over and smashes a vase of flowers, I know my action of kicking the ball was responsible for the vase smashing. Selfauthored events like this tend to be easy to identify and this feeling that 'I did it' is known as a sense of agency. Some actions are more effortful than others; kicking a ball as hard as one can might break a vase, but so might brushing one's arm against it as one walks past it precariously positioned near the edge of a table. Both these actions have the same outcome, but might require the action monitoring system to respond differently in order to correctly ascribe agency. Here, we tested the role of physical and mental effort on the ascription of sense of agency, using an implicit measure.

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Section: Sense Of Agency and Effortmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, some authors have noted a dissociation between such measures, finding implicit agency measures and explicit judgments to be unrelated to one another (Dewey & Knoblich, 2014;Obhi & Hall;. This again suggests that different sources of cues (e.g.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical and mental effort disrupts the implicit sense of agency

2016

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“…Indeed, the links between sensory attenuation, intentional binding, and sense of agency remain controversial (Dewey & Knoblich, 2014). A possible alternative explanation for the heightened cortical response to unexpected fearful faces observed in the present study may be related to their potential to signal danger.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

ERP and behavioral evidence of increased sensory attenuation for fear-related action outcomes

Hughes

2015

Biological Psychology

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Please cite this article as: Hughes, Gethin, ERP and behavioral evidence of increased sensory attenuation for fear related action outcomes.Biological Psychology http://dx. Highlights  Increased sensory attenuation for fearful compared to neutral faces.  Neurophysiological attenuation for predicted fearful faces only.  Enhanced subjective fear ratings for congruent fearful faces. Abstract Voluntary action selection entails the representation of the expected consequences of the action. Previous evidence suggests that accurate action-effect prediction modulates both ERP and behavioural markers of sensory processing-a phenomenon know as sensory attenuation. This may play an important role in monitoring the success or failure of our actions, or attributing agency. Nonetheless, the vast majority of studies in this domain focus on simplistic visual and auditory stimuli. Given that we rarely perform voluntary actions with the aim of generating such stimuli in social contexts, this provides little indication of the extent to which sensory attenuation operates in everyday behavior. The present study investigated ERP and behavioral measures of sensory attenuation for fearful and neutral facial expressions. Participants were trained to associate one voluntary action with the presentation of a fearful face, and another action with a neutral face. We measured both ERP responses and behavioural ratings following presentation of faces whose emotional content was either consistent or inconsistent with the action prediction. We observed significant modulation for fearful outcomes only, suggesting that sensory attenuation is heightened to stimuli of high social relevance. The N170 response was significantly attenuated for congruent fearful faces, but not for congruent neutral faces (in comparison to incongruent faces). Similarly, behavioral ratings were modulated only for fearful faces but not neutral faces. This provides new insight into how social and affective outcomes modulate sensory attenuation and may have implications for implicit sense of agency for socially relevant stimuli.

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“…After attempting wider shifting, participants report a positive sensation of lightness in the lower limbs, describing a positive, effortless, gait. Such a phenomenon is termed sensory attenuation [19], which is the matching between sensory predictions (generated by the controller) and expected sensory consequences (generated by the mechanoreceptors).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Approach that Ameliorates Motor Disabilities and Improves Range of Motion of Joints; Comparison with Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation

Diederichs¹

2018

AJSSM

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A novel approach significantly more effective both in ameliorating motor disabilities and in improving range of motion (ROM) of joints when compared with the current standard approach, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF). A total of 56 participants -of both genders, BMI normal, mean age 35 (range 21-68 years), exhibiting lumbopelvic extensor stiffness (assessed by performance of the deep squat test) -engaged in two experiments. Joint ROM was evaluated before and after treatment in each experiment. Participants were photographed performing the deep squat test and their joint ROM calculated with Kinovea software to obtain the data. In Experiment 1, twenty-six participants were randomly divided into two groups in order to compare the degree of improvement in ROM. One group was treated using the novel approach and the control group with PNF, both for three minutes duration. Results: statistically the effect size of the novel approach proved greater compared to the control PNF. In Experiment 2, thirty participants were treated only with the novel approach, motor disability being assessed with the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) before and after five to seven days. Results: the novel approach proved significantly effective in ameliorating motor disabilities. Conclusion: the novel treatment is effective both in improving ROM of joints and in ameliorating motor disabilities. Moreover, in Experiment 2 the participants were assessed five to seven days after treatment, demonstrating that the improvement in ROM as well as the amelioration of motor disabilities is long lasting. Additionally, the degree of improvement in joint ROM observed in Experiment 1 finds confirmation in Experiment 2. Strikingly, after performance of the novel approach all the participants reported a pleasant sensation of lightness in walking -a phenomenon termed sensory attenuation, the term signifying the matching between sensory prediction and outcome.

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Do Implicit and Explicit Measures of the Sense of Agency Measure the Same Thing?

Cited by 217 publications

References 55 publications

Physical and mental effort disrupts the implicit sense of agency

Physical and mental effort disrupts the implicit sense of agency

ERP and behavioral evidence of increased sensory attenuation for fear-related action outcomes

A Novel Approach that Ameliorates Motor Disabilities and Improves Range of Motion of Joints; Comparison with Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation

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