“Do it yourself” protocol to fabricate dual-detection paper-based analytical device for salivary biomarker analysis

Office paper and laser printing: a versatile and affordable approach for fabricating paper-based analytical devices with multimodal detection capabilities

“…Some examples include pen-on-paper strategies, 43,44 stamping, 45,46 spraying, 47 3D printing, 48 laser cutting, 49 printing cutting, 50 screen-printing, 51 die-cutting, 52 embossing, 53 thermal transfer printing, 54 or laser printing. 55,56 Laser printing has been used to develop microfluidic devices since 2003 when do Lago and coworkers proposed using a laser printer to deposit toner layers on a polyester surface.…”

“…42 In this context, many alternative techniques with lower instrumental requirements have been developed as candidates to replace wax printing protocols. Some examples include pen-on-paper strategies, 43,44 stamping, 45,46 spraying, 47 3D printing, 48 laser cutting, 49 printing cutting, 50 screen-printing, 51 die-cutting, 52 embossing, 53 thermal transfer printing, 54 or laser printing. 55,56…”

Digitally Controlled Printing of Bioink Barriers for Paper-Based Analytical Devices: An Environmentally Friendly One-Step Approach

“…The choice of patterning materials is a critical part in the production of PADs, which has driven an intensified search for components that are not only environmentally friendly and biodegradable but also cost-effective. Some examples of alternative materials used for the patterning of hydrophobic barriers in PADs are bovine serum albumin (BSA), paraffin solid wax, beeswax emulsions, correction pen fluid, 3D pen polymeric resin, and permanent markers. , However, some of these methods demand heating steps or employ inks that are dissolved in harsh organic, acidic, or alkaline media. The need for simple alternatives that can be manipulated by nonskilled personnel remains, aiming the application at limited resources laboratories, remote regions, and teaching approaches.…”