Do juvenile Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) use chemosensory cues to detect and avoid risky habitats in the wild?

KimJae-Woo,; GrantJames, W A; BrownGrant, E

doi:10.1139/f2011-011

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The detection of chemical cues and signals by olfactory and gustatory receptors plays a central role in the decision-making process [22], especially in structurally complex or turbid environments or under low light conditions [23 -25]. For instance, homing [26,27], microhabitat choice [28,29], mate selection [30,31], kin recognition [32], food location [33], dominance interactions [34] and predator avoidance [35,36] are all mediated by the detection of chemical cues, at least to some extent. Any interference with the functioning of normal chemosensory responses could reduce the ability to perceive basic environmental stimuli or public information that is critical for long-term survival.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of acidification on olfactory-mediated behaviour in freshwater and marine ecosystems: a synthesis

Leduc

Munday

Brown

et al. 2013

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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116

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For many aquatic organisms, olfactory-mediated behaviour is essential to the maintenance of numerous fitness-enhancing activities, including foraging, reproduction and predator avoidance. Studies in both freshwater and marine ecosystems have demonstrated significant impacts of anthropogenic acidification on olfactory abilities of fish and macroinvertebrates, leading to impaired behavioural responses, with potentially far-reaching consequences to population dynamics and community structure. Whereas the ecological impacts of impaired olfactory-mediated behaviour may be similar between freshwater and marine ecosystems, the underlying mechanisms are quite distinct. In acidified freshwater, molecular change to chemical cues along with reduced olfaction sensitivity appear to be the primary causes of olfactory-mediated behavioural impairment. By contrast, experiments simulating future ocean acidification suggest that interference of high CO 2 with brain neurotransmitter function is the primary cause for olfactory-mediated behavioural impairment in fish. Different physico-chemical characteristics between marine and freshwater systems are probably responsible for these distinct mechanisms of impairment, which, under globally rising CO 2 levels, may lead to strikingly different consequences to olfaction. While fluctuations in pH may occur in both freshwater and marine ecosystems, marine habitat will remain alkaline despite future ocean acidification caused by globally rising CO 2 levels. In this synthesis, we argue that ecosystem-specific mechanisms affecting olfaction need to be considered for effective management and conservation practices.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of acidification on olfactory-mediated behaviour in freshwater and marine ecosystems: a synthesis

Leduc

Munday

Brown

et al. 2013

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

Self Cite

116

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“…We found that none of the alarm cues induced a significant change in the distribution of the experimental animals in the laboratory stream channels. There is similar evidence from a study (Kim et al, 2011) that examined the responses of young-of-theyear (YOY) and 1+ Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) presented regularly with conspecific damage-released alarm cues during a 4week period in a wild stream. The YOY S. salar changed their distribution in response to the conspecific alarm cue, resulting in a decrease of their density in the alarm cue sections and an increase of their density in the control and buffer sections.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 71%

Effect of Potential Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) Repellents on the Distribution of Juvenile Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in a Laboratory Environment

Stratton

Imre

Rocco³

et al. 2021

JNS

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Recent studies have begun to consider the use of chemosensory alarm cues as potential repellents of invasive Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus Linnaeus, 1758) in the Great Lakes Basin. An important factor in determining the efficacy of potential P. marinus repellents is whether they are species-specific. To that end, using laboratory stream channels, this study investigated whether a non-target species, the Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792), would change their distribution in response to damage-released P. marinus alarm cues, potential mammalian predator cues, and damage-released conspecific cues. In groups of 10 individuals per replicate, with 10 replicates per stimulus type, subjects were exposed to one of the following treatment types: deionized water (control), P. marinus extract (heterospecific alarm cue), O. mykiss extract (conspecific alarm cue), 2-phenylethylamine hydrochloride (potential predator cue), and human saliva (potential predator cue). None of the stimuli induced a significant avoidance response during the stimulus observation period as compared to the control. These findings provide preliminary support for the species-specific nature of these proposed alternative P. marinus control measures.

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“…In consequence, salmon density increased in adjacent control reaches as risk-averse fishes apparently emigrated from the experimental reaches (Kim et al 2011). Preferential occupation of less-risky habitats, often characterized by greater abundance of physical refugia, has been documented in several freshwater and marine fish species (Gotceitas and Brown 1993;Jordan et al 1997;Dupuch et al 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predation costs of impaired chemosensory risk assessment on acid-impacted juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Elvidge

BrownGrant

2014

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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Weak levels of acidification (pH < 6.6) inhibit the ability of fishes to assess predation risk via interference with damage-released chemical alarm cues. While survival benefits associated with behavioural responses to alarm cues have been demonstrated under laboratory conditions, it remains largely unknown whether fishes under natural conditions experience similar benefits. Using hatchery-reared juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) as a model organism, we conducted a tethering experiment in reaches of neutral (pH ≥ 6.6) and acidic (pH < 6.6) salmon nursery streams, plus one additional stream that varied between pH classes. Despite exposure to fewer predatory fish species, similar availability of physical refugia, and similar threat from terrestrial predators, tethered fish in acidic streams were significantly more likely to be predated over the course of a trial than their counterparts in neutral streams. These results suggest that (i) in the absence of compensatory mechanisms, juvenile Atlantic salmon under acidic conditions may experience greater rates of predation as a result of impaired chemosensory risk assessment, and (ii) brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) appear to play the greatest role in limiting the survival of young-of-theyear (0+) salmon. Résumé :De faibles niveaux d'acidification (pH < 6,6) inhibent la capacité des poissons d'évaluer le risque de prédation en entravant les signaux chimiques d'alarme libérés en cas de lésions. Si des avantages pour la survie associés aux réactions comportementales à des signaux d'alarme ont été démontrés en laboratoire, de tels avantages pour les poissons en situation naturelle restent généralement à démontrer. En utilisant le saumon atlantique (Salmo salar) juvénile issu d'alevinière comme organisme modèle, nous avons mené une expérience avec des individus attachés dans des tronçons neutres (pH ≥ 6,6) et acides (pH < 6,6) de cours d'eau natals, en plus d'un cours d'eau qui oscillait entre les deux catégories de pH. Bien qu'ils aient été exposés à moins d'espèces de poissons prédateurs, à une disponibilité semblable de refuges physiques et à une menace similaire de prédateurs terrestres, les poissons attachés dans les cours d'eau acides présentaient une probabilité de prédation significativement plus grande que leurs congénères en rivières neutres durant la période de l'essai. Ces résultats donnent à penser que (i) en l'absence de mécanismes compensatoires, les saumons atlantiques juvéniles en conditions acides pourraient présenter des taux de prédation plus élevés en raison de leur plus faible capacité d'évaluation chimiosensorielle des risques et (ii) les ombles de fontaine (Salvelinus fontinalis) constitueraient le facteur limitatif le plus important en ce qui concerne la survie des saumons de l'année 0+. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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Do juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) use chemosensory cues to detect and avoid risky habitats in the wild?

Cited by 10 publications

References 49 publications

Effects of acidification on olfactory-mediated behaviour in freshwater and marine ecosystems: a synthesis

Effects of acidification on olfactory-mediated behaviour in freshwater and marine ecosystems: a synthesis

Effect of Potential Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) Repellents on the Distribution of Juvenile Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in a Laboratory Environment

Predation costs of impaired chemosensory risk assessment on acid-impacted juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

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