Do Known Cardiovascular Risk Factors Mediate the Effect of Alcohol on Cardiovascular Disease?

Mh, Criqui

doi:10.1002/9780470515549.ch10

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Heavy weekly drinking was defined as consumption of more than 14 drinks per week for men or 7 drinks per week for women. [26][27][28] Binge drinking was defined as reporting of drinking 5 or more drinks for men or 4 or more drinks for women on at least 1 day or occasion during the past year. 29 Participants who met the threshold for either drinking condition were classified as heavy or binge drinkers.…”

Section: Covariatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors Associated With Suicide in Current and Former US Military Personnel

LeardMann

Powell

Smith

et al. 2013

JAMA

356

272

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Beginning in 2005, the incidence of suicide deaths in the US military began to sharply increase. Unique stressors, such as combat deployments, have been assumed to underlie the increasing incidence. Previous military suicide studies, however, have relied on case series and cross-sectional investigations and have not linked data during service with postservice periods. OBJECTIVE To prospectively identify and quantify risk factors associated with suicide in current and former US military personnel including demographic, military, mental health, behavioral, and deployment characteristics.

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Section: Covariatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors Associated With Suicide in Current and Former US Military Personnel

LeardMann

Powell

Smith

et al. 2013

JAMA

356

272

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“…Both the bioavailability data through wine consumption and the EFSA opinion on anti-inflammatory efficacy do not justify the turmoil often generated by the media regarding the beneficial properties of resveratrol in red wine. In this regard, the antioxidant, antithrombotic, and metabolic effects of ethanol per se often are not mentioned; moreover, red wines usually contain ethanol in greater concentration than white wines and the beneficial effects claimed for the former can be due, once again, to ethanol (Goldberg et al, 1995; Criqui, 1998; Belleville, 2002). Focusing on the beneficial effects of moderate ethanol consumption would also allow a greater responsibility on the consumers’ part towards their own health, because of the pathological effects of uncontrolled alcohol intake are well known.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Heme Oxygenase/Biliverdin Reductase System as Effector of the Neuroprotective Outcomes of Herb-Based Nutritional Supplements

et al. 2019

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Over the last few years, several preclinical studies have shown that some herbal products, such as ferulic acid, Ginkgo biloba, and resveratrol, exert neuroprotective effects through the modulation of the heme oxygenase/biliverdin reductase system. Unfortunately, sufficient data supporting the shift of knowledge from preclinical studies to humans, particularly in neurodegenerative diseases, are not yet available in the literature. The purpose of this review is to summarize the studies and the main results achieved on the potential therapeutic role of the interaction between the heme oxygenase/biliverdin reductase system with ferulic acid, G. biloba, and resveratrol. Some critical issues have also been reported, mainly concerning the safety profile and the toxicological sequelae associated to the supplementation with the herbs mentioned above, based on both current literature and specific reports issued by the competent Regulatory Authorities.

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“…The mechanisms of the cardioprotective effects of alcohol (Table 55.2 ) are not completely elucidated, and about 50% of the potential protection seems to be mediated by the alcohol -induced increase in HDL -cholesterol levels (Criqui, 1998 ). Favorable effects on fi brinolysis, thrombogenesis, coronary blood fl ow, postprandial metabolism, prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis, arterial vasodilatation, other lipoprotein fractions than HDLcholesterol, anti -infl ammatory effects, antioxidative effects, ingestion of non -nutritive protective compounds, ischemic preconditioning, or behavioral aspects have also been suggested Pagel et al , 2004 ;Bertelli and Das, 2009 ;Collins et al , 2009 ;Djousse et al , 2009 ;Zheng et al , 2010 ).…”

Section: Zincmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol: Its Role in Nutrition and Health

Suter

2012

Present Knowledge in Nutrition

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In view of the importance of alcoholic beverages in daily life as well as its absolute priority in metabolism, alcohol has considerable potential to affect the nutritional status and metabolism of all essential nutrients including the different energy sources. In view of the great variability among alcohol drinkers in patterns of drinking, amounts ingested, ingestion of other nutrients, metabolic characteristics, genetic factors, and lifestyle characteristics (such as exercise or smoking behavior), the effects of alcohol on nutritional status and disease risk are very heterogeneous. Alcohol -associated malnutrition includes both primary and secondary malnutrition. Because of the comparatively high energy content of alcohol, it displaces other energy sources and thus many essential nutrients in the diet, thereby lowering the intake of most nutrients (primary malnutrition). Gastrointestinal and metabolic complications of heavy alcohol intake (especially liver dysfunction) lead to so -called secondary malnutrition. Anorexia and vomiting from alcoholic gastritis further promote inadequate intakes of food. Malabsorption of nearly all nutrients can develop as a result of mucosal dysfunction, liver insuffi ciency, and pancreatic insuffi ciency. Alcoholic liver dysfunction causes a reduced capacity to transport nutrients in the blood, a reduced storage capacity, and an insuffi cient activation of nutrients such as vitamins. In addition, alcohol increases the excretion of nutrients in the urine and bile. In alcoholic patients, several mechanisms for the development of malnutrition usually occur simultaneously.The effect of alcohol on morbidity and mortality is biphasic, and the relationship is J -shaped: low levels of ingestion are associated with reduced morbidity and mortality risks, whereas abstinence and higher levels of ingestion are associated with a higher mortality risk due to different cancers, alcoholic liver disease, and cardiovascular diseases such as arrhythmias, alcoholic cardiomyopathy, hypertension, and stroke. The reduced mortality risk at lower intakes is explained by the risk of coronary artery disease and a reduced risk of ischemic stroke. The amount of alcohol ingestion at the nadir of mortality risk is not known and varies from study to study and from one individual to another. The hallmark of excessive alcohol intake is metabolic and structural alterations at the level of the liver, and liver cirrhosis is the leading cause of death in heavy drinkers.Often, both positive and negative effects occur. In view of the heterogeneity of responses for any given alcohol dose, the formulation of public health recommendations for safe consumption levels is becoming increasingly diffi cult. In any case, alcohol should not be recommended for health reasons or for health maintenance, especially as long as there are no specifi c, sensitive predictors for harmful alcohol use and abuse. In the setting of an overall healthy lifestyle with respect to nutrition and physical activity, light to moderate alcohol consumptio...

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Do Known Cardiovascular Risk Factors Mediate the Effect of Alcohol on Cardiovascular Disease?

Cited by 13 publications

References 33 publications

Risk Factors Associated With Suicide in Current and Former US Military Personnel

Risk Factors Associated With Suicide in Current and Former US Military Personnel

The Heme Oxygenase/Biliverdin Reductase System as Effector of the Neuroprotective Outcomes of Herb-Based Nutritional Supplements

Alcohol: Its Role in Nutrition and Health

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