Do Local Power-Sharing Deals Reduce Ethnopolitical Hostility? The Effects of ‘Negotiated Democracy’ in a Devolved Kenya

Elfversson, Emma; Sjögren, Anders

doi:10.1080/17449057.2019.1583483

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The Kuria elite were able to leverage their community's Presidential vote -promising to support the Luo candidate Odinga only if they were promised a seat at the table in Migori (Mitullah 2017). A similar negotiated deal was reached in Nakuru, which had been one of the hotbeds of previous waves of election-related violence between Kalenjin and Kikuyu (Elfversson and Sjögren 2018). Kikuyu are the largest community in Nakuru County, and Kalenjin the second largest.…”

Section: Addressing Communal Conflicts: Responses By State and Non-st...mentioning

confidence: 80%

“…The should can be seen against the backdrop of the national level deal between the Kikuyu presidential candidate Uhuru Kenyatta and his Kalenjin running mate William Ruto, and the pair also pushed strongly for the local Nakuru deal. The local and national pacts, in conjunction, played a major role in preventing communal violence in Nakuru in the 2013 and 2017 elections (Elfversson and Sjögren 2018;Mitullah 2017).…”

Section: Addressing Communal Conflicts: Responses By State and Non-st...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Patterns and Drivers of Communal Conflict in Kenya

Elfversson

2019

The Palgrave Handbook of Ethnicity

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This chapter analyzes patterns of communal conflict -i.e., violent conflicts between non-state groups which are organized based on communal identities -in Kenya. The politicized nature of ethnicity in Kenya, and the fact that both elections and land tenure are closely associated with ethnic identity, are highlighted as key factors explaining the prevalence of violent communal conflict. After discussing the main patterns of conflict since 1989, the chapter goes on to identify four main drivers of conflict: electoral politics, cattle raiding, local resources, and boundaries and local authority. The specific dynamics at play in different conflicts vary, and empirical examples illustrate how the precise way that different conflict drivers interact is different from case to case. The chapter also discusses different strategies by state and non-state actors to address and resolve communal conflicts, and how devolution -the decentralization of significant power to the local level under the 2010 constitution -has affected communal conflicts. As the discussion of devolution illustrates, a major point is that while communal conflicts in general should be seen against the background of a state and a political culture where ethnicity is strongly politicized, the impact of national-level political dynamics on communal conflicts will vary from case to case.

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Section: Addressing Communal Conflicts: Responses By State and Non-st...mentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Addressing Communal Conflicts: Responses By State and Non-st...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns and Drivers of Communal Conflict in Kenya

Elfversson

2019

The Palgrave Handbook of Ethnicity

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“…2. For some-far less numerous-optimistic prospects: Shilaho (2015), Steeves (2015), Elszasz (2016), Crawford & Hartmann (2008, World Bank (2011;, Bouka, Berry & Kamuru (2019), Elfversson & Sjögren (2019) constitutional reforms and the consequences of decentralisation on Kenyan society and political system in Kenya and in the academic realm, aims to contribute to these debates. 4 Debates over this reform relate to Kenya's long-term political history.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preface

Fouéré¹

2021

Kenya in Motion 2000-2020

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Tous les textes de ce livre sont publiés avec la Licence Creative Commons CC-BY-SA 3.0 : « Attribution -Partage dans les mêmes conditions non transposé». See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en "You are free to: • Share -copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format • Adapt -remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially. Under the following terms: • Attribution -You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. Marie-Aude FouéréxiiIn view of such changes-be they expected or planned, but also hindered or even disordered-, it was imperative for a research centre based in Nairobi to document and analyse the last twenty years of Kenyan political, economic and social life, from 2000 to 2020, in a book accessible to the greatest number of people. Kenya in motion, which is published both online and in print and available in both French and English-thus making it possible to discuss with all our English-speaking colleagues and to enter in a dialogue with the recent and ambitious Oxford Handbook of Kenyan Politics edited by Nic Cheeseman, Karuti Kanyinga and Gabrielle Lynch (2020)-brings together the contributions of specialists from Kenya. Some contributions cover a broad spectrum (political economy, social history, development, decentralisation) while others address more specific themes (arts, school, religion, land, water, security, trade, etc.). Six short texts called "Focus" are added to the fourteen chapters that make up this volume. They enrich certain chapters with their close focus on banking, higher education, slavery, sacred forests, religious adherence and the globalised art scene. Together, these texts provide both a synthetic grasp and particular visions of Kenya in the first quarter of the twenty-first century.We wish to thank several institutions and individuals. First of all, our deepest gratitude goes to the colleagues who contributed to the bookdoctoral students, newly graduated doctors, and experienced researchersfor their sustained commitment to IFRA projects and for their unfailing patience. Secondly, this project would not have been possible without IFRA's financial and human resources support, nor without the OpenEdition Books platform, which hosts the publisher's brand "Africae" and its "Studies" collection in which this book is being published. Within IFRA, our special thanks go to Chloé Josse-Durand and Marion Asego, respectively for the proofreading of some texts and for the administrative and financial support. We are also very grateful to our colleague Claire Médard from IRD (French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development) for her involvement and rigorous peer reviewing. Our warmest thanks also go to Antoine Kauffer for his efficient editorial work, and to Bastien Miraucourt, in charge of editing at the CNRS based at the Les Afriques dans le monde (LA...

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“…The question of their accuracy is important because Kenya's 2010 Constitution precisely sought to strengthen democracy through extensive devolution provisions, so the question of local election validity lies at the centre of the project to re-build Kenyan democracy following the 2007/8 post-election violence. Analysts have been tracking the importance of the shift to 47 county governments for the democratic transition that it promises (Burbidge 2019;Elfversson and Sjögren 2020;Gadjanova 2019;Waddilove 2019), and yet without the confidence of being able to say that these countylevel elections have, in the main, led to results representative of voters' preferences. In the below, I contribute to the discussion by analysing:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transition to subnational democracy: Kenya’s 2017 presidential and gubernatorial elections

Burbidge

2020

Regional & Federal Studies

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Perceptions of the legitimacy of the 2017 subnational elections in Kenya have been bound-up with perceptions of the presidential race, which was nullified by the Supreme Court, casting doubt on the results of subnational elections held on the same day. I conduct a nationally representative survey on the way citizens voted on election day, akin to an exit-poll of Kenya's 2017 elections, and find that the survey responses match with the electoral commission's announcement of results. I additionally overview all court cases disputing the 2017 gubernatorial results and again find no reason to reject the electoral commission's pronouncement of results. Based on the evidence provided I argue that the Supreme Court nullification of the presidential vote does not cast doubt on the accuracy of the gubernatorial vote. The findings point to a strong and robust democratization underway at the subnational level in Kenya.

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Do Local Power-Sharing Deals Reduce Ethnopolitical Hostility? The Effects of ‘Negotiated Democracy’ in a Devolved Kenya

Cited by 12 publications

References 55 publications

Patterns and Drivers of Communal Conflict in Kenya

Patterns and Drivers of Communal Conflict in Kenya

Preface

Transition to subnational democracy: Kenya’s 2017 presidential and gubernatorial elections

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