Do Maternal Microbes Shape Newborn Oral Microbes?

Wu, Shengrong; Yu, Fei; Ma, Liya; Zhao, Yiming; Zheng, Xin; Li, Xiaodong; Li, Zhiqiang; He, Xiangyi; Zhou, Jianye

doi:10.1007/s12088-020-00901-7

Cited by 13 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Investigations using quantitative PCR, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, or cultivation to determine the presence of a human amniotic fluid microbiota in normal pregnancy have yielded inconsistent findings [70, 72, 75–77, 84, 85, 91, 92, 96]. This is likely due in part to insufficient methods such as a lack of multiple complementary techniques for bacterial detection and isolation and/or a lack of appropriate technical controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall, of the studies that have performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing to investigate the existence of a human amniotic fluid microbiota in normal pregnancies [72, 75–77, 84, 85, 91, 92, 96], only five included technical controls for background DNA contamination [75, 76, 84, 91, 92]. Three concluded the existence of an amniotic fluid microbiota, although these studies did not include a culture component [75, 76, 84].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An inherent limitation of molecular investigations is the inability to differentiate between whether the presence of 16S rDNA signal is due to the presence of viable bacteria, dead cells, or environmental DNA. While many studies have used molecular techniques to confirm the existence of bacterial DNA in the placenta, fetal tissue, and amniotic fluid [48, 70, 72, 75–77, 84, 85, 91, 92, 96], only some have attempted to culture bacteria from these same samples [72, 85, 92, 96]. Notably, Corynebacterium , Pseudomonas , Sphingobium, Streptococcus, and other prominent bacteria identified in molecular surveys were not recovered in culture in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Investigations of human amniotic fluid in normal pregnancy have yielded contradictory results. Multiple studies using DNA sequencing techniques [72, 75–77, 84, 85] and/or quantitative real-time PCR [70, 76] have identified an amniotic fluid microbiota; however, only one of these studies has demonstrated viable microorganisms from amniotic fluid through culture [72] (Table 1) . To date, no study has used cultivation, qPCR, and DNA sequencing concurrently to confirm microbial presence in human amniotic fluid during normal pregnancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the presence of microorganisms in the amniotic fluid is associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes [61][62][63][64][65][66][67], and the traditional view in obstetrics has been the "sterile womb hypothesis", which proposes that the fetal environment is sterile and that the neonate first acquires a microbiota during the birthing process [68]. However, recent investigations have posited that the amniotic fluid harbors a resident microbiota, which functions as a primary source of microorganisms for initial colonization of the offspring in utero [69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77].…”

Section: Abstract: Microbiome Low Microbial Biomass Sample Pregnancy In Utero Colonization Sterile Womb Hypothesis Mouse Model Introductimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lack of Evidence for a Viable Microbiota in Murine Amniotic Fluid

Winters

Romero

Greenberg

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The existence of an amniotic fluid microbiota (i.e., a viable microbial community) in mammals is controversial. Its existence would require a fundamental reconsideration of the role of intra-amniotic microbes in fetal development and pregnancy outcomes. In this study, we determined whether the amniotic fluid of mice harbors a microbiota in late gestation. Bacterial profiles of amniotic fluids located proximally or distally to the cervix were characterized through quantitative real-time PCR, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and culture (N=21 mice). These profiles were compared to those of technical controls for background DNA contamination. The load of 16S rDNA in the amniotic fluid exceeded that in controls. Additionally, the 16S rDNA profiles of the amniotic fluid differed from those of controls, with Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum being differentially more abundant in amniotic fluid profiles; however, this bacterium was not cultured. Of the 42 total bacterial cultures of amniotic fluids, only one yielded bacterial growth – Lactobacillus murinus. The 16S rRNA gene of this common murine-associated bacterium was not detected in any amniotic fluid sample, suggesting it did not originate from the amniotic fluid. No differences in 16S rDNA load, 16S rDNA profile, or bacterial culture were observed between amniotic fluids located proximal and distal to the cervix. Collectively, these data show that, although there is a modest DNA signal of bacteria in murine amniotic fluid, there is no evidence that this signal represents a viable microbiota. These findings refute the proposed role of amniotic fluid as a source of microorganisms for in utero colonization.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Abstract: Microbiome Low Microbial Biomass Sample Pregnancy In Utero Colonization Sterile Womb Hypothesis Mouse Model Introductimentioning

confidence: 99%

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