Do Maternal Parenting Behaviors Indirectly Link Toddler Dysregulated Fear and Child Anxiety Symptoms?

Maag, Brianne; Phelps, Randi A.; Kiel, Elizabeth J.

doi:10.1007/s10578-020-01004-6

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Indeed, past research has found that individuals with separation anxiety report higher levels of extraversion than do individuals with social phobia (Silove et al, 2010), suggesting that non-social (rather than social) threat may be the main (Buss, 2011;Buss et al, 2013Buss et al, , 2018Buss et al, , 2021. In addition, dysregulated fear in toddlerhood predicted social withdrawal in childhood through protective parenting (Kiel & Buss, 2014), and predicted separation anxiety through maternal intrusive behaviors (Maag et al, 2021) The results of this study should be interpreted in light of a few limitations. First, because the sample was not drawn from a clinical population, the generalizability of our findings should be tested in future studies with clinically anxious individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…For instance, Buss and colleagues have shown that young children who display dysregulated fear (i.e., high fear in low threat situations) are particularly likely to develop social withdrawal, social reticence, and social anxiety later in life (Buss, 2011; Buss et al., 2013, 2018, 2021). In addition, dysregulated fear in toddlerhood predicted social withdrawal in childhood through protective parenting (Kiel & Buss, 2014), and predicted separation anxiety through maternal intrusive behaviors (Maag et al., 2021). Our findings add to this line of research by showing that, aside from situation intensity (high vs. low threat), situation type (social vs. non‐social) also has profound implications for interpreting children's inhibited responses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social versus non‐social behavioral inhibition: Differential prediction from early childhood of long‐term psychosocial outcomes

Tan

Zeytinoglu

Morales

et al. 2023

Developmental Science

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Behavioral inhibition (BI) is a temperamental style characterized by cautious and fearful behaviors in novel situations. The present multi‐method, longitudinal study examined whether young children's observed and parent‐reported BI in social versus non‐social contexts predicts different long‐term psychosocial outcomes. Participants (N = 279) were drawn from a longitudinal study of socioemotional development. BI in social contexts (“social BI”) was measured via children's observed wariness toward unfamiliar adults and peers at 24 and 36 months and parents’ reports of children's social fear/shyness at 24, 36, and 48 months. BI in non‐social contexts (“non‐social BI”) was measured via children's observed fearful responses to masks and novel toys, and parents’ reports of children's distress to non‐social novelty at 9 months and non‐social fear at 48 months. At 15 years, anxiety was assessed via adolescent‐ and parent‐reports, and global internalizing and externalizing problems were assessed via parent‐reports. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that a two‐factor model fit the BI data significantly better than a single‐factor model, providing evidence for the dissociation of BI in social versus non‐social contexts. Social BI was uniquely associated with adolescent social anxiety, whereas non‐social BI was specifically associated with adolescent separation anxiety. Neither social BI nor non‐social BI predicted global internalizing and externalizing problems, providing evidence for the specific relations between BI and anxiety problems. Together, these results suggest that young children's inhibited responses in social versus non‐social situations predict different subtypes of anxiety problems in adolescence, highlighting the multifaceted nature of BI and the divergent trajectories of different anxiety problems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social versus non‐social behavioral inhibition: Differential prediction from early childhood of long‐term psychosocial outcomes

Tan

Zeytinoglu

Morales

et al. 2023

Developmental Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, prolonged exposure to parental anxiety has been associated with increased depression and anxiety in offspring (Borelli et al, 2015). Anxious parents also have distinct parenting profiles that impact socioemotional development (Buss & Kiel, 2011), and these parenting effects may result in broad alterations to the biological and cognitive profiles of their children (Maag et al, 2021).…”

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confidence: 99%