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AbstractIn Pakistan school education is not compulsory for children and, therefore, sending a child to school is a matter of choice for parents. For those parents who choose school education for their children the options are government schools, private fees paid schools and Islamic education schools (Madrassahs). This research uses a large scale survey data collected in Pakistan for the years 2013 and 2014 in order to analyse association patterns between parental education and school choice for their children. The available information on 192, 789 parents has been used to measure the effect size of parental education on the type of school they choose for their children. The results show that parents having attended a formal school does not strongly relate with children's school enrolment. However, parents' higher number of years in formal education has a positive relation with children's enrolment in private schools and parents' having lesser number of years spent in formal education is positively related with children's enrolment is Madrassahs. The differences among parental school choice are noticeable between private schools and Madrassahs but less obvious between government schools and private schools. These findings are important to demonstrate the role of different school types in a society, and how parental education is related with overall stratification at school level. The research evidence presented here calls for a national policy where school education should be made compulsory for children and all schools should function under same regulations of children's access to school education. Disadvantaged parents should not have to rely on Madrassah education for their children and it should rather be parents' choice against state-maintained or private schools.
IntroductionSchools are generally responsible for providing a social service of educating young children. When an important decision of children's school is made then parents have expectations that the school will be a safe place and all efforts will be made to provide a good learning environment for their children. These expectations are universal and irrespective of parents' social class or income status. However, schools provide different services from each other which make education a competitive market. Not all parents will have means, aspiration or knowledge to enter this market of schools. This emphasises the role of a national and free of cost school system where parents who have no means to enter in the market o...