Do multiculturalism policies erode the welfare state? An empirical analysis

Citizenship Rights for Immigrants: National Political Processes and Cross-National Convergence in Western Europe, 1980–2008

“…However, we are aware of only two systematic cross-national comparisons of the cultural dimension of citizenship rights. Banting and Kymlicka's (2004) study, while including the ten countries of the present study, is limited to one point in time and therefore does not allow answering the process-oriented research questions we ask. Koopmans et al's (2005) study allows a diachronic perspective, but includes only five countries, and moreover does not cover the period after September 11, 2001, in which multicultural rights for immigrants have come under increasing pressure (Bleich 2009).…”

“…We compare our results to five other indicator-based studies: (1) the Legal Obstacles to Integration-Index (LOI; Waldrauch and Hofinger 1997); (2) (1970, 1980, 1990, and 2002), these studies cover only one point in time, which usually does not exactly match our measurement points. In their published study, Banting and Kymlicka's (2004) indicators referred broadly to the 1980s and 1990s, rather than to a specific measurement year. However, they have recently extended their data, which now cover three data points: 1980, 2000, and 2010.…”

Immigration Attitudes and Support for the Welfare State in the American Mass Public

“…Scholars have long associated high racial heterogeneity with low support for social welfare in a society (Banting and Kymlicka 2005;Gilens 2003;Habyarimana et al 2007;Hero and Preuhs 2007;Miguel 1999;Miguel and Gugerty 2005;Soss et al 2001;Wolfe and Klausen 1997). One consequence of increasing immigration rates over the past several decades is increasing racial, ethnic, or nationality heterogeneity, particularly as immigrant populations disperse beyond the typical gateway states.…”

“…The bulk of the research in the American states clearly links increasing racial heterogeneity (i.e., increasing black populations) with declining support for welfare programs (Banting and Kymlicka 2005;Gilens 2003;Habyarimana et al 2007;Hero and Preuhs 2007;Miguel 1999;Miguel and Gugerty 2005;Soss et al 2001;Wolfe and Klausen 1997). Using the American experience with race and welfare as a foundation, comparative scholars have begun to examine whether or not the increasing immigrant populations experienced by Europe during the 1990s and 2000s might lead to an erosion of support for welfare programs (Burgoon, Koster, and van Egmond 2010;Eger 2010;Hjerm and Schnabel 2012;Larsen 2011;Mau and Burkhardt 2009;Sumino 2013).…”

¿Ruptura del compromiso igualitario para sostener el Estado de bienestar en Europa?

“…Currently, it is evident that the increase in immigration is leading to social heterogeneity and cultural, ethnical and racial diversity, which may contribute to a decrease in the number of citizens who identify with the feeling of egalitarian social commitment (Schwartz, 2007;Peetz, 2010). Social heterogeneity apparently contributes to an increase in hostility and the creation of negative attitudes towards immigration, as revealed by diverse studies (Banting and Kymilka, 2008;Martín Artiles and Molina, 2011). Specifi cally, this occurs in a context of increasing social risks such as poverty, social neglect and competition for scarce employment and welfare resources, as linked to the economic crisis and the social budget cuts.…”