Do newborn puppies have their own microbiota at birth? Influence of type of birth on newborn puppy microbiota

Pipan, Maja Zakošek; Kajdič, Leonida; Kalin, Anja; Plavec, Tanja; Zdovc, Irena

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.04.014

Cited by 37 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Several studies in humans also found distinct effects of delivery mode on the gut microbiota composition of newborn babies (Dominguez-Bello et al, 2010; Bäckhed et al, 2015, MacIntyre et al, 2015, Rutayisire et al, 2016). Recently, we showed that mode of delivery also affects the diversity and type of bacterial communities present in the gut of a puppy neonate (Zakošek Pipan et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Maternal microbiome during pregnancy and their impact on the canine microbiome in neonates

Pipan

Mrkun

2020

Vet. stn. (Online)

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The long-standing hypothesis that the neonatal microbiome is acquired during and after birth has been challenged by recent studies in humans using advanced molecular technologies, which identified bacteria and bacterial DNA and RNA in amniotic fluid, placenta, and meconium. Similar studies have recently been conducted on canine neonates, giving a description of the gut microbiota of newborn puppies and a comparison of different types of parturition on theirdevelopment. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of microbiome and microbial alterations in the canine gut, vagina and oral cavity throughout pregnancy, and their effects on the microbiome of the placenta and the meconium in neonatal puppies. We further compare the microbiome knowledge gained in the last decade on human neonates and draw parallels with canine pregnancy and the neonatal microbiome.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Maternal microbiome during pregnancy and their impact on the canine microbiome in neonates

Pipan

Mrkun

2020

Vet. stn. (Online)

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“…Individual differences in amounts of viable bacteria retrieved from meconium were also described in a recent dog study. Interestingly, puppies born without detectable meconium microbiota were shown to have a slower growth rate than those in which meconium microbiota were detected (Pipan et al, 2020). Both the mucosal surface of the intestine as well as the amniotic fluid contain bacteriostatic substances, such as lactoferrin and salivary scavenger and agglutinin (SALSA), which are able to suppress bacterial growth and viability (Reichhardt and Meri, 2016; Lisowska-Myjak et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The composition of the microbiota in the full-term fetal gut and amniotic fluid: a bovine caesarean section study

Husso

Lietaer

Pessa‐Morikawa

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The fetal gut microbiome is being investigated for its putative effect on fetal development and maturation of the immune system. In this environment the low amounts of bacteria and bacterial DNA makes them highly challenging to accurately isolate and identify, and sensitive to contamination issues. The aims of the current study were to assess the bacterial load and characterize the bacterial composition of the amniotic fluid and meconium of full-term calves, leading to a better knowledge of prenatal bacterial seeding of the fetal intestine. Amniotic fluid and rectal meconium samples were collected during and immediately after elective caesarean section, performed in 25 Belgian Blue cow-calf couples. The samples were analyzed by qPCR, bacterial culture using GAM agar and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. To minimize the effects of contaminants, we included numerous technical controls and stringently filtered the 16S rRNA gene sequencing data to exclude putative contaminant sequences. The meconium samples contained a significantly higher amount of bacterial DNA than the negative controls and 5 of the samples contained culturable bacteria. In the amniotic fluid, the amount of bacterial DNA was not significantly different from the negative controls and no colonies were obtained via cultures. Bacterial sequences were identified in both sample types and were primarily of phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria, with some individual variation. We conclude that most calves encounter in utero maternal-fetal transmission of bacterial DNA, but the amount of bacterial DNA is low and viable bacteria rare.

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“…Previous research has identified an increase in the frequency of S. pseudintermedius in healthy dams isolated from vaginal samples, the placenta as well as colostrum and milk samples around the time of parturition [66][67][68][69][70]. However, the presence of S. pseudinter-medius within the reproductive tract, such as the uterus and the mammary glands, has been associated with diseases in canines including pyometra and mastitis, respectively, which may result in complications including neonatal mortality [66,[69][70][71][72][73].…”

Section: Reproductive Tract Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the presence of S. pseudintermedius in the reproductive tract may cause infection in the female canines, it has also been shown that identical or closely related S. pseudintermedius strains have been isolated from the mother's milk and vaginal tract and the puppies' skin and placental samples, indicating that S. pseudintermedius may be transmitted by intrauterine or vertical transmission [67,77,78]. While, in many cases, such transmission results in the healthy colonisation of commensal S. pseudintermedius, in the puppies, it has been shown that the transmission of S. pseudintermedius, specifically MRSP, has been associated with premature death within the first 2-3 weeks of life, also known as neonatal mortality [66,[79][80][81].…”

Section: Reproductive Tract Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the cause of neonatal mortality is multifactorial and, in addition to infections, congenital defects and low birth weight may also contribute to neonatal mortality [83]. Interestingly, puppies born with no detectable microbiota (including S. pseudintermedius) have a slower growth rate compared to those born with a microbiota within placental and meconium samples [67]. While this was not directly attributed to neonatal mortality, the lack of commensal species including S. pseudintermedius may be a contributing factor.…”

Section: Reproductive Tract Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Complex Diseases of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in Canines: Where to Next?

Lynch

Helbig

2021

Veterinary Sciences

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Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a pathogenic bacterium of concern within the veterinary sector and is involved in numerous infections in canines, including topical infections such as canine pyoderma and otitis externa, as well as systemic infections within the urinary, respiratory and reproductive tract. The high prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) within such infections is a growing concern. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the involvement of S. pseudintermedius in canine disease pathology to gain better insight into novel treatment avenues. Here, we review the literature focused on S. pseudintermedius infection in multiple anatomic locations in dogs and the role of MRSP in treatment outcomes at these niches. Multiple novel treatment avenues for MRSP have been pioneered in recent years and these are discussed with a specific focus on vaccines and phage therapy as potential therapeutic options. Whilst both undertakings are in their infancy, phage therapy is versatile and has shown high success in both animal and human medical use. It is clear that further research is required to combat the growing problems associated with MRSP in canines.

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Do newborn puppies have their own microbiota at birth? Influence of type of birth on newborn puppy microbiota

Cited by 37 publications

References 41 publications

Maternal microbiome during pregnancy and their impact on the canine microbiome in neonates

Maternal microbiome during pregnancy and their impact on the canine microbiome in neonates

The composition of the microbiota in the full-term fetal gut and amniotic fluid: a bovine caesarean section study

The Complex Diseases of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in Canines: Where to Next?

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